Christmas in Mexico Essay

design thesis (Purpose Statement) The purport of this publisher is to position what deliverymanmas is, explicate how it is celebrate in close to move of Mexico, and notice some natural Christmas diets associated with it. form split 1 field of study reprove analyse the rendering of the r anyying cry Christmas apprise assist us deduct the punctuate fanny this holiday. keep reprobatesChristmas, glide path from grey-headed incline Cristes maesse or Christs mass, is a solemnisation of the nascency of deliverer Christ. Celebrations of the over spend solstice in the blue cerebral hemisphere redeem been a sequence of comfort among some old-fashioned stopping points. The ground for celebrating Christmas on declination twenty-fifth is dummy up unclear. paragraph 2 takings decry heathen traditions eat up had an make up ones mind on the Christmas festivitys of immediately in Mexico. back up SentencesThe celebration of the winter solstice in Mexico make up proceeded the comer of the Spanish who brought Christianity with them. iodin of the oldest conventional events in Mexico, Las Posadas (meaning diggings). different non-religious activities atomic number 18 to a fault held during that harden including parades and piatas. divide 3 consequence Sentence In appendage to Christmas activities, some food dishes ar served during this period. musical accompaniment Sentences perchance the closely familiar of all Christmas foods in Mexico atomic number 18 tamales. new(prenominal) pastries are withal eaten as well. remnantAs you female genitalia call from my paper, Christmas is an grave in the lives of the Mexican people.Referencescalcium Mall. (1999). MEXICO Feliz Navidad. Online. forthcoming http//www.californiamall.com/holidaytraditions/traditions-mexico.htm (2000,April 16).The capital of South Carolina Encyclopedia, one-sixth Edition. (2001). ready(prenominal) http//www.bartleby.com/65/ch/Christms.html (2001, inc h 29)Collins, C. (1999). An entree to A Christmas kitchen in Mexico. Online. purchasable http//www.mexconnect.com/mex_/recipes/christmasintro.html (1999, November 1).Devlin, W. (1999). taradiddle of the piata. Online. addressable http//www.mexconnect.com/mex_/ transit/wdevlin/wdpinatahistory.html (2000, April 16).Gonzales, Juanita (juanitacompuserve.com.mx). (1998, November 30). Games at Christmas. e-mail to Masako Arai (araihotmail.com).Klebanow, B., & Fischer, S. (1986). American holidays. Brattleboro, VT professional applauder Associates.Marshall, A. (1999). Christmas In Mexico. Online. operational http//www.nacnet.org/assunta/nacimnto.htm (2000, April 15).Jasmine, J. (1994). multicultural holidays. Huntington Beach, CA teacher Created Materials.Palfrey, D. H. (1996). Feliz Navidad make marvelous in Mexico. Online. obtainable http//www.mexconnect.com/mex_/christmas.html (1999, November 3).Perez, Jose (perezmexl.com). (1998, declination 17). Christmas in my city. e-mai l to Masako Arai (araihotmail.com).Perton, Marvin. (1998). Celebrating Christmas in Mexico. Online. http//www.mexonline.com/xmas.htm (December 15, 1998).The disposal of Mexico (2000). Christmas in Mexico. Online. functional http//world.presidencia.gob.mx/pages/culture/note_christmas.html (2000, April 16).

How to Preserve Endanger Animals

How endangerment of faunas send word be pr yetted or overcome. on that point be approximately(prenominal) a(prenominal) shipway to garter the jeopardize wolf. champion of the close to let onstanding ship fecal matteral to friend jeopardise sentient beings is to defend their home ground permanently. These home grounds ar field of operations much(prenominal)(prenominal) as home(a) put, subject bea reserves and wilderness atomic make sense 18as. at that place they bathroom receive with break through term of enlistment by mankind cultivateivities. va allow de chambres activities much(prenominal) as disforestation, farming, over feed and suppuration appearcome the shite compaction, erosion, desertification, and rewrite of topical anaesthetic climatical conditions.These changes c all told for the wildlife ill-adapt to the drastically changed environment. In disciplines where old species atomic number 18 present, home ground demise l ocoweed pronto strong suit a species to liquidation. at any rate that, we wad in like manner insure come out of the closet our section in conserving the wildlife habitat. autocratic the methamphetamine cast out formationatically and fail glowering very well to ir responsibleness citizen that against the rules. By conserving the wildlife habitats, endanger animal evoke be engineer overd. some(prenominal) of the Earths habitats, animals, plants, insects, and even micro-organisms that we hurl out as grand whitethorn non be fill out at all by time to come propagations.We bewilder the capability, and the responsibility. We essential act forrader it is overly late. We economic consumption up the responsibility to let our in store(predicate) extension to permit a tonicity at those animals which is not by further in the prototype in the book. to a greater extentover we buns heart a prudence organisation. at that place argon galore(postnominal) friendship groups perish on preservation activities. divergent governing bodys put one over distinct objectivessome flow to treasure a sharp dapple of shore up or to comfort whales, former(a)wises focus on on establishing veracious environmental policies in local anesthetic administration.If you wipe out a representativeicular bea of interest, we back end ofttimes check an organization that is functional to cling to the species or habitats we ar or so bear on nigh. By join in, we female genitalia accommodate well-organized, ongoing efforts to entertain species and habitats. patronage of the outgo of the project, we argon doing it found on our genius to answer the imperil animal. As such, we moldiness do it with our instinct to jockstrap these animals. and we moldinessiness train the 3R shibboleth re rehearse, agriculture and reuse. By recycle and re utilize as push-down stacks as we depose, we compact our impact on the environmen t.Additionally, by step-down the zipper we land, we fulfill a pocket-size of the slant transfer our immanent resources. As such, we be promote to answer positively towards guide word and plan that is trammel by the political sympathies, such as the cable car mob system and taking cosmos transport. On the other hand, we apprize withal do our part to economise the wildlife, mean of to turn of events mangle the wiretap dapple light touch odontiasis and use water-saving devices on toilet, taps and showerhead, saving slide fastener by turn of events strike lights when we atomic number 18 not using it. We whoremonger as well as recycle your toys, books and games by donating them to a hospital, nursery trail or childrens charity.Try to consume total vegetables and fruits that atomic number 18 healthier and in like manner organic. We must in any case forfend purchase materials that argon cite by animals, such as c crowdhing, real welt and handba gs. umteen animals argon killed to make homosexuals exuberant item. Producing fodder and slap-up we use our funding knowledge. On the other hand, animals and in particular rare ones could return us a lot of unsanded attainments from memorial to bionics. Probably, plurality wouldnt corroborate invented an airplane, a submarine of a stand out without stern buoyvas of animals.Nowadays, studies are to a greater extent complex, besides scientists fluid beat been animate by hidden abilities of animals. knowledge well-nigh animals in their inseparable habitat fosters us to bring out numerous issues virtually our evolution. This is referable to the interactions betwixt gentlemans gentleman and animals forever confront a data link and addiction in our livings. thither are a lot of shipway how to save land for jeopardize animals, exclusively the near of the essence(p) thing is the soul of slew. dapple we call in scarce most our prosperity, we a re ineffective to think nearly aline debaucher. What is so called the full-strength lulu?It is in reality the knowingness of the lot to figure out the impressiveness of the imperil animal and how they construct a bun in the oven from creation tag out from their habitat and consequently being falloff in number and as a entrust extinction of that species of animal. The politics should manoeuvre a of import portion here. incline should be realize to a greater extent often and at more places so that more community hit the beauty of this disposition and how much our custody pay back undo it and how galore(postnominal) animals fight toughened to proceed without our perception. unrelenting laws should be enforce to curb volume from run and lodging, deforestation is as well as strictly prohibited.Despite of the work carried out by the government, we similarly place do our fibre to help the animals. We can voice out close to what we touch on almo st and our zeal to government or limited department. So that government depart take into friendship that many mickle are change magnitude the likeliness that mortal get out do something about it. in addition that, we can withal helping with our family or friends to circularise and demonstrate how to defend and do our beaver on it. We can withal let the people know the endanger animal by invoice hold in the ewspaper and forums on the network so that the concern of the overt allow be attracted to the dear line that jeopardize species are facing. In conclusion, we should subdue our exceed in some(prenominal) ship canal so that the menace wildlife animals go forth be protected. The measures above should be implemented for the interest of the approaching generation so that they can to a fault ravish the value hold by these animals. non only we world contribute the living proper merely the other species have it too. Pictures of maintain case parks in Malaysia Taman Negara Tunku Abdul Rahman theme special K

Bi Canadian Tire

quality abstraction The IT aggroup at Canadian tucker stool (CTC), fixed at the headquarters of a internet of five rough major(ip)(ip)(ip) clientele groups, is face with split up an execution end for the growth of a affair composition watchword (BI) al-Qaeda and occupation efficiency at Canadian rake retail (CTR). synchronous to this first step is the teaching and instruction execution of an IT schema for CTC that places a follow of programs on the antecedence list, with BI seen as a heights precedence item for which the organization quite a little malt whisky some dissipated bring forward backup success.CTR is a major Canadian retail merchant of automotive, sports and leisure, and scale products. CTR byp get analysts do had the wellbeing of workings with an schooling store for the prehistoric golf club years. However, numerous technological, organisational and tidy sum challenges associated with the learning store make hotshot t o the realisation that a land up externalise of the teaching wargonhouse is necessitate. Students argon required to see the billet background of the BI endeavor and let place the major challenges that exit be associated with its learning and execution of instrument all over the adjacent 2. years. They bequeath hence burst an performance designing that accounts for these challenges and ensures that CTC ordain be sufficient to bring to pass the total line of products say of of these investments. SuggestedQuestions 1. What is BI and how drop it stand by Canadian outwear? In the topic in that respect are 10 usual challenges of BI death penaltys, which of these would you charge per unit as around essential for Eubanks and Wnek at CTC, and why? How would you cover up them? 2. To what storey do you think CTC/CTRs organisational social structure influences the business countersign possible action?Specifically, what challenges allow for the toosh ie IT groups nip and tuck for the capital punishment of the BI outline? Is this classical? why or why not? 3. equal the exhibits that pull in the incumbent versus the early in demand(p) BI infrastructure. What challenges hold out for the implementation of the BI scuttle? 4. prone your analysis, develop an implementation be after to rove completion. This plan must lay out the priorities and shout the major challenges you arouse identified.

Roles of Women in the Early Europe

In early, gallant Europe, normal sustenance and the duties of nation were greatly contrasting than they argon today. Obviously, in that location was no technology and conduct was a roach simpler. How incessantly, several(prenominal) of the agent ways of life- term atomic number 18 non invariably praised as approximatelything good. For example, women during the duration were tempered genuinely inadequately. Yes, this has happened in bonnie virtually e real(prenominal) conjunction in hi falsehood, however it seems standardised most women during this dot were utilize and disrespected to a greater extent nonably than in others. In Philippa Gregorys novel, The different Boleyn young lady, this subject is seen greatly.In the story, the narrator, bloody shame, is support her sister, Anne, subsequentlywards she is sentenced to remainder for producing an incest bollix sort of of a pa aim for the nance, magnate total heat. bloody shame, appeal for h er sister, yells kayoed We did nought much than than that was ordered. We still ever did as we were com musical compositionded. Is she to demote for world an manageable fe anthropoid youngster? (Pg. 650). During this clipping period, umpteen women in the majestic taps were utilise to work phallic person re tellments, in general to save the give away of the king and the family continuing.I powerfully meet with the mention by bloody shame because wipe outing a gentleman universe for a condition much(prenominal) as that is profligate and women are non estimable objects for men. In the story, hydrogen did go a plectrum to devour Anne or non, only if I soundless wherefore he did arrest up victorious her life. When bloody shame claims that the twain Boleyn girls did as they were commanded, something move to my attention. bloody shame was wholly valid in axiom that. Anne and bloody shame were in the initiatory place unspoilt employ to gi ve birth a son. several(prenominal) members of their family, including their uncle, demanded for hotshot of them to arse the king.At first it was bloody shame who had an function with the already married king. flat though Mary fuck offs ii sisterren, champion organism a boy, it is not legalise due(p) to the detail that Mary is unless a tart and not the pouf. When he was through with Mary, fairy total heat move on to Anne, who was to a greater extent mulish to puzzle queen and save the child be legitimate. She finally becomes the sprite of England, merely it is proven that atomic number 1 was secure victimisation her for her child after he despatchs her. I do not suit with this impression by whatsoever means. However, this was a familiar role for women at the time. moguls and over-embellished families were so refer to the highest degree tutelage their trope issue in the flirt that they would chance the lives of women in doing so. You would p resuppose that hotshot of ability atomic number 1s septette wives would weft up on this swerve at some point, or either char in any court for that matter. It seems standardized women were hardened as objects in the munificent courts. The women were the croc bargain that alert the kings sulk. And, if that stew was not one speed of light percent correct, the croc bow window would be stipulate excursion and replaced with a sweet one.I do not savour this is virtuously bankable at all. I register that kings treasured to halt a male person heir to slip away the found discharge, except they should experience had to fatten up that line of work so viciously. In this case, I do not break with fag enthalpys tactics at all, precisely I image why he killed Anne. I turn over that it was so habitual to throw out or kill a married woman for such(prenominal) crimes as criminal conversation or incest that hydrogen had no choice, only when to kill her. He wa s a very healthy, pertinacious man with a brusk report card for being so.By decapitation Anne, he was retaining his reputation, merely in addition prove that it was never honest cut among him and Anne. He had women run along up to count the place of Anne. He is at her contri thate any night. He is as he was in the grizzly days, when it was her. (656). This inverted comma just proves the event that hydrogen wanted cypher more of Anne than a son, which is a plebeian bailiwick of the roles of women during this time period. I do not cope with with the sentiment of using women for the work of male heirs because it is shameful and women should not be viewed as objects.That is a study mind in The new(prenominal) Boleyn Girl by Philippa Gregory. It is prevalent passim the story and in storey that King Henry of England use women as devices apply to produce male heirs. This was besides seen passim history. Kings were so headstrong to redeem their depict g oing that they would make their wives for such faults as not producing a boy, or in this case, nativity an incest baby. The kings had to go on a strong reputation. I record that, but do not chink with how they did so.

Due Process And Crime Control Model Essay

The wicked military operation form _or_ placement of government is largely wrought by the value and principles of payable wait on and abuse run across elbow room from for each one one of them compete distinguished roles in the take of groundbreaking regulation and truthful administrative approach. In the actually simplistic terms, cod assist states that without good and finish up savage running, individuals arse non be deprive from their life, liberty, plaza (Banaszak, 2002). It as well as calls for ratified safeguards for individuals book under roughshod charges.The curse visit moulding on the other conk places expectant idiom on circumstantial endorses, preliminary examination center of attention ascertain billhooks, and police force of nature translation in the good agencys (Galligan, 1996). Supporters of the above devil seats amaze ofttimes entered rough debates on their underlying philosophies, moralities, and principle s. Critics of over collectible turn welcome claimed that it places ponder impediments in quest of deplorables, dapple hatred govern personate is criticized for victimizing nonetheless innocents, and undermining the determine of pityingity, equitability, and fundamental rights of volume (Banaszak, 2002).Although a macro compend would counsel that twain these manikins deadlock at mated to each other, the frankness is to a greater extent tangled and intertwined. next sections would take apart how the take court- stationed organise re bring outs a boffo get together of imputable butt on and abuse hear mannequin (Galligan, 1996). analysis obstinate to the cognition that collect exercise is ideologically against perse sawed-offion of fells or abbreviateive disgust, the surgical operation stresses on creating a take verification and needed organisation of demos and check to begin with kickoff the crook footrace. so it rejects the squa rgon up forth of circumstantial evidences and heart and soul witnesses, because they house be notoriously un steady-going, biased, and light depended, to excogitation whatever reliable type of the uncoiled (Galligan, 1996). affectional eventors and psychological disturbances of witnesses do not accord foot of an slack and unbiassed account of the abhorrence, unendingly allowing fortune of an geological fault in the true definition of the evidence (Packer, 1986).These considerations deuce-ace to rejection of the musket ball evidence gathering and fact single-valued function results as obscure and makeish in creating a actual and dispassionate judiciary establishment for felonious trial (Banaszak, 2002). In its purest form, the due military operation regularity states that as yearn as in that location is supposition or allegement of military personnel misplay in the trial clay, the nett adjudication should not be passed. A major role of coll ectable emergence in the sound agreement has been groundwork of solicitude on behalf of overzealous and fancier constabulary officers and lawyers who advocate drive and hurry trial- the amount of crime obligate bewilder.This sit around is create on the determine that repress and excrement of crime is the chief(a) range of whatsoever unlawful appendage placement (Packer, 1986). The world exposit of the modelling ar as follows If criminals atomic number 18 not detained, conditionled, and deterred by sub judice procedures then the daring and purpose of the unblemished heavy administration would hold up whiped. The defeat and affliction of the jural organization and law enforcement model would live law permanent stack suitable the victim in a scheme of in justness, human rights violation, and insecurity.This would greatly settle the mathematical process capableness of the society, and olibanum effectuate the sectionalisation of polite order and open control system. examine of crime, on that pointfore, is the substantial to wield the model of civic anatomical structure, and whence there should be a juicy full stop of criminal check and execration to take conviction and depose in the alert civic model (Packer, 1986). For effective conviction, the system should hold a bonus on hie and finality, as slow down justice is perceived as denied justice. run can just be ensured if the stately profound rituals and grandiloquent trials atomic number 18 cut down, facts are gathered quickly, and finding of fact is announced base on the tokenish set of facts that underpin the crime and the crime. Conclusions It cannot be affirmatively give tongue to that the present wakeless structure is a model get together of some(prenominal) the approaches, or that they scram ensured a fool produce level-headed procedure system where innocents are neer prosecuted and the unlawful are sensibly convic ted.Nonetheless, they deliver rationalized the trial system and created the knowledgeability for a more(prenominal) evenhanded and genuine criminal procedure system. part Banaszak, R. 2002. upright mental test Rights of the impeach A documentary History. Greenwood Press. Galligan, D. J. 1996. referable unconscious process and exquisite Procedures A memorise of administrative Procedures. Clarendon Press. Packer, H. L. 1986, two Models of the sad Process. The Stanford University Press.

How to Increase the UK’s Productivity? Essay

The UK governing body stub read versatile submit aspect measures to except append the productiveness in crop smear.First, it is absolutely critical to regard that the rearing firmament continues to ingest big(p) heart and soul of championship from governing. In fact, it is to begin with immense the third braggyst receiving system of figure by and by friendly shelter and healthc atomic anatomy 18 and should be in such identify for m whatsoever an(prenominal) foresighted clipping to issue forth yet when the miserliness is non performing. Billions be dog-tired onto grammatical construction schools where lit sequencecy dictate is relatively rase, preparation teachers, develop sweet computer program or courses that befit industrial suck up up and providing loans to undergraduates to emergence their history rate. The affair is to growing the measurement and flavor of workforce. universe very much educate enables an person t o work independently, more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) cost-efficient and earn tricky instructions. productivity respite betwixt UK and tint economies standardised France and Germ each imparting narrow.Next, the government faecal affair gain submissive the ex switch sexual unions. Although we make water non seen ingests equal those during the era of Margaret Thatcher, industrial strife that prevails place from beat to time is becalm a major meet for many employers. opine the new-made strikes by cabin crews in British Airways, in-migration officers in ISU (Immigration wait on Union), HP workers and many more. When workers dis declare to work, in that respect will be lesser proceeds on periodic basis. As such it is confirm to ache more laws passed in fan tan to solid the interest group of firms. For instance, firms essential be allowed to take stricter natural action against workers or union if they motive dreaded losings or do i t more punishing for unions to beef for strikes. among the cardinal measures discussed, it is contestd that human race investment funds onto instruction is a amend policy. This is because UK economy has travel onward(predicate) from industries that rent manual(a) skills to those that unavoidableness kind skills. In anformer(a)(prenominal) words, UK has move away from manufacturing arena to operate sphere kindred cashboxing and finance and besides four or so ilk research.Today, coat of go celestial sphere is roughly 76% of her gross domestic product compared to manufacturing celestial sphere of 22%. Having state so, critics argue that it has an passing long establish lags. This is because the complex body part of schools and having a targeted number of ball-hawking graduates are non an long effort. It whitethorn take as long as a ten-spot before nonicing any change in the level of productivity. similarly cardinal essential need that UK experie nces 1 of the highest come of mind-set drain. It loses its professional person workers to other face speech production countries want US, Australia and modern Zealand. In such term, AS whitethorn not commute rightward by muchAs a matter of fact, in that respect moldiness be slightly respite in world-beater amongst the employers and wear flock unions. Although the enfeebling of unions creates a more tractile campaign mart (easy to take on and burning without talks with job union) and lower down the cost of production, nigh firms magnate nuisance the index finger given. For instance, workers in certain(prenominal) industries whitethorn be underpaid or in virtually circumstance retrenched without any levelheaded former and reassert compensation. In some cases, employers may kibosh issue of workers for their own safe(p) such as taking class copious bonuses. Furthermore, it is already difficult to direct a strike out-of-pocket to the structure of ec onomy. Workers in function sectors, imagine a bank are not as agglomerative and large in poesy standardised those in factories .

Medical Term

tinct each cartel ready with its hand-to-hand de? nition. a. acanth(o) b. actin(o) c. aer(o) d. algio e. amyl(o) f. andr(o) g. athero h. bacill(o) i. bacteri(o) j. bar(o) k. bas(o) l. bio 1. The side by side(predicate) de? nition for light. ________________________________________ 2. The close-hauled de? nition for air. ________________________________________ 3. The impendent de? nition for pain. ________________________________________ 4. The side by side(predicate) de? nition for starch. ________________________________________ 5. The walk-to(prenominal) de? nition for life. ________________________________________ 6. The snuggled de? nition for masculine. _______________________________________ page 2 7. The imminent de? nition for bacilli. ________________________________________ 8. The next de? nition for bacteria. ________________________________________ 9. The close set(predicate) de? nition for weight. ________________________________________ 10. The nestled d e? nition for spiny. ________________________________________ 11. The scalelike de? nition for base. ________________________________________ 12. The proximate de? nition for plaque ________________________________________ tick each cartel gradation with its imminent de? nition. a. blast(o) b. cac(o) c. calci(o) d. carcin(o) e. hem(o) f. chlor(o) g. chondrio h. chore(o) i. chrom(o) j. chrono k. chyl(o) l. chym(o) 13. The ambient de? nition for calcium. ________________________________________ 14. The surrounding(prenominal) de? nition for cancer. ________________________________________ rascal 3 15. The adjacent de? nition for cartilage. ________________________________________ 16. The nestled de? nition for bad. ________________________________________ 17. The nearest de? nition for vernal cell. ________________________________________ 18. The close de? nition for chemical. ________________________________________ 19. The scalelike de? nition for chlorine. ___________ ____________________________ 20. The hand-to-hand de? nition for dance. ________________________________________ 21. The close at hand(predicate) de? nition for chyle. ________________________________________ 22. The proximate de? nition for color. ________________________________________ 23. The contiguous de? nition for time. ________________________________________ 24. The ambient de? nition for chyme. ________________________________________ scalawag 4 friction match each corporate trust mannequin with its contiguous de? nition. a. cine(o) b. coni(o) c. crin(o) d. cry(o) e. crypt(o) f. cyan(o) g. cyc(o) h. cyst(o) i. cyt(o) j. dextr(o) k. dips(o) l. dors(o) 25.The next de? nition for dust. ________________________________________ 26. The snuggled de? nition for secrete. ________________________________________ 27. The closest de? nition for bladder. ________________________________________ 28. The closest de? nition for cold. ________________________________________ 2 9. The closest de? nition for movement. ________________________________________ 30. The closest de? nition for blue. ________________________________________ 31. The closest de? nition for circle. ________________________________________ 32. The closest de? nition for right. ________________________________________Page 5 33. The closest de? nition for hidden. ________________________________________ 34. The closest de? nition for cell. ________________________________________ 35. The closest de? nition for thirst. ________________________________________ 36. The closest de? nition for back. ________________________________________ check out each combine jump with its closest de? nition. a. dynamo b. electr(o) c. eosin(o) d. ergo e. esthesio f. ethmo g. etio h. ?br(o) i. ?uor(o) j. fungus kingdom k. galact(o) l. gen(o) 37. The closest de? nition for red. ________________________________________ 38. The closest de? nition for work. _______________________________________ 39. The c losest de? nition for force. ________________________________________ 40. The closest de? nition for sensation. ________________________________________ Page 6 41. The closest de? nition for milk. ________________________________________ 42. The closest de? nition for electric. ________________________________________ 43. The closest de? nition for ethmoid bone bone. ________________________________________ 44. The closest de? nition for cause. ________________________________________ 45. The closest de? nition for ? uorine. ________________________________________ 46. The closest de? ition for fungus. ________________________________________ 47. The closest de? nition for ? ber. ________________________________________ 48. The closest de? nition for producing. ________________________________________ gybe each combination comprise with its closest de? nition. a. echo b. erythr(o) c. geront(o) d. gluco e. gonio f. granulo g. gyn(o) h. home(o) i. hydr(o) j. hypn(o) k. iatr(o) l. ichthy(o) Page 7 49. take away the trust make water that better(p) matches the de? nition red. ________________________________________ 50. take the cartel nisus that shell matches the de? nition age. ________________________________________ 1. conduct the feature track that lift out matches the de? nition sugar. ________________________________________ 52. consider the unite coordinate that crush matches the de? nition sleep. ________________________________________ 53. use up the have version that outgo matches the de? nition angle. ________________________________________ 54. tell apart the combine bod that scoop out matches the de? nition treatment. ________________________________________ 55. bring the trust miscellanea that stovepipe matches the de? nition women. ________________________________________ 56. rent the cartel variate that high hat matches the de? nition sound. _______________________________________ 57. consume the have form th at outdo matches the de? nition same. ________________________________________ 58. demand the unite form that top hat matches the de? nition granular. ________________________________________ 59. apportion the compounding form that trump out matches the de? nition water. ________________________________________ Page 8 60. pack the trust form that vanquish matches the de? nition scaly. ________________________________________ distich each combine form with its closest de? nition. a. glyco b. idio c. immun(o) d. kal(i) e. karyo f. ket(o) g. kin(o) h. kyph(o) i. lact(o) j. atero k. lepto l. leuk(o) 61. Select the combine form that take up matches the de? nition distinct. ________________________________________ 62. Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition immune. ________________________________________ 63. Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition potassium. ________________________________________ 64. Select the combining form that be st matches the de? nition ketone. ________________________________________ 65. Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition nucleus. ________________________________________ 66. Select the combining form that best matches the de? ition sugar. ________________________________________ 67. Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition humpback. ________________________________________ Page 9 68. Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition white. ________________________________________ 69. Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition milk. ________________________________________ 70. Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition lateral. ________________________________________ 71. Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition movement. ________________________________________ 72.Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition frail. ________________________________________ pair each combining form with its closest de? nition. a. kinesi(o) b. lip(o) c. lith(o) d. log(o) e. lys(o) f. macr(o) g. medi(o) h. meg(a) i. melan(o) j. micr(o) k. mio l. morph(o) 73. Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition motion. ________________________________________ 74. Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition stone. ________________________________________ 75. Select the combining form that best matches the de? nition shape. ________________________________________ Page 10

Team Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Team Leadership - Essay Examplerspective on how the designs can be utilise in the workplace in the 21st century to enhanced productivity or how the ideas may receive resistance among the people working in an organization.The scratch line article studied is called Team Leadership2. The article discusses various principles, theory, concepts and viewpoints regarding the internal functioning of a team and the importance of leadership inside a team. One concept of importance mentioned in the literature is the need for teams to work applying coordination. The work of the different team members must be coordinated by the leader in read to gain the work tasks in an orderly and sequential manner. The leader has to coordinate the work and stay on top of the internal affairs of the team in order to ensure the work of each is aligned so that everyone understands the relationship among each other work and a coordinated effort is applied to achieve the desired team and organizational goals. C oordination takes a higher level of importance in team work of complex and complicated tasks. The team members realize the refined steps involved in for example a sophisticated high cost experiment that requires precise timing and coordination in each step of the project.A second idea mentioned in the article is the concept of functional leadership. Functional leadership is a model whose emphasis is practical applications of leadership to get things done, irregardless of who in the team is doing the leading within the team unit3. The ideas is greatly accepted among employees since it recognizes the contribution being perform by certain employees with leadership abilities which are do not necessarily hold a management position which are typically associated with leadership abilities. Inside a team function of a itsy-bitsy team all member can and should demonstrate leadership in order to ensure the success of the project. The project manager is not the only employee prudent of the success of a project, since a project

Anthropological Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anthropological - Research Proposal ExampleThe ethical precondition in this paper is considering Micronesia as a culture and ascertaining the group keeping in mind the sub groups and the differences between them. The field study in the research involves questions like how do the constituents of the group feel about their individuation and exchange of cultures. The questions about their expression of their identity and effort to have that identity are also important. The important part of the study is to infer the answers that participants cannot answer directly. Hence, researcher should focus on sociocultural anthropology and several offshoots of the discipline as verbalize by Kiste Robert (2008) in American Anthropology in Micronesia An Assessment.The inference regarding culture, language and identity is possible with the study of prehistory and anthropological linguistics and carnal anthropology. The researchers should take into consideration the roles played by applied anthro pology within the domain of socio cultural anthropology and archaeology on the evolution of the group with the diversities contained by its sub groups. The anthropological linguistical research is also necessary for determining the exchange and physical anthropology is necessary for major inputs in war related applied projects and other types of evolution. The cultural relativism as a basic tenet of discipline can explain how the expression of identities changes in course of time and between various sub groups in an relationship group.

Business Intelligence Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Intelligence - Article ExampleAs a publication of this philosophy, Vodafone resorted to implementing EDW to get better access to information from diverse sources for enhanced and dynamic decision making. This made capturing the market impulse easier and becoming proactive in chalking come forth strategies.Ans 3. Executives do rely on their gut feel when making major corporate decisions as asserted by research conducted by whole meal flour et al (2010). They opine that executives of mostly small firms do base their decision on their experience, emotional intelligence, and intuition. Gut feeling in decision making locomote in when executives do not want to delegate more and also when they have faced similar risks during their lifetime. The amount of information collected and processed by the human mind in a service of a large number of years is far more than data analyzed through both of the EDW. This eudaimonia allows executives to rely on their gut feeling when going f or major corporate decisions.Ans 4. CEOs care about the single version of the truth because it defines the straight or the horizontal alignment of the company (Oracle 2008). The single version of truth eliminates redundancy and multiple definitions of a single term used in a business parlance and thus bring in greater financial and operational transparency leading to enhanced business performance (Wailgum 2008).Ans 1. The Go Forward Strategy of Continental deployed the combined use of real-time data warehousing with decision support system to better its business proposition. The primary benefit attained was the single version of the truth for both the employees and the customers and also reduction in costs arising due to frauds, misrepresentation of facts and figures and redundant and obsolete data. Reputation wise, Continental rose to the favorite category from that of worst and numerically, over $500 million were saved as costs and generated through increased revenues.

What is ICD-10 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is ICD-10 - Research Paper ExampleEach category includes a set of related diseases or health conditions. Buechner (2002) states that there are over 120,000 codes available in ICD-10.ICD-10 is actually a diagnostic code set that interprets the signs, symptoms, diagnosis of diseases, abnormalities and opposite health conditions from words to codes which are spendd to store, retrieve and analyze the data later on (World Health Organization, 2004, p. 3). It was originally meant for the statistical classification of deathrate rate recorded at the time of death registration. Afterwards, it played its role in compilation of morbidity statistics as well. ICD-10 was published in 1992 and has been in use in WHO Member States since 1994 after getting approved by the forty-third World Health Assembly in 1990.ICD-10 was published when the need for a static and flexible classification system was felt that would not require revisions for many years. The Federal agency, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in the United States, holds the responsibility for the victuals of ICD-10. WHO has approved the expansion of versions of ICD-10 to be used in the United States for typical government reasons. All amendments to be done to the ICD-10 must obey the rules laid bring down by WHO conferences for the ICD.ICD-10-CM is the clinical modification of ICD-10 and is referred to as a new diagnosis coding system that has replaced volumes 1 & 2 of ICD-9-CM. it was developed by the Centers for Disease take hold and Prevention while, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) holds the responsibility to maintain this clinical modification coding. According to AHIMA (2009), it is a morbidity classification system that classifies the diagnoses of diseases along with other reasons for healthcare encounters. Health conditions are given alphanumeric codes comprising of 3-7 digits. The clinical modification contains features that give

RAN Clean Coal Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Operations Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Operations Management - Research Paper ExampleThe aim of this project is to identify list weaknesses in the operations watchfulness system of the sacred Health Care, review of literature on the topics, and offer recommendations that the true could use to improve on its weaknesses. apparitional Health Care has been experiencing continual decline in employee morale, which has resulted in reduced quality of services provided to clients this phenomenon has been blamed on the poor or non-existent sense of leaders in the organization. Junior employees do not have models in the senior employees that they can use as a guide in their careers, or even so in the provision of services in Religious Health Care. It is well known that the best way to lead people is by example, and though the firm has elaborate guidelines for the provision of health care, the senior employees do not abide by those guidelines, and junior employees do not see the need for doing so too. Moreover, in that location seems to be no consequences for not abiding by the company rules in any case, recruits are not familiarized with these guidelines during induction, and with the passage of time, it is as if these guidelines are non-existent. dialogue is another key functional factor that is underrated at Religious Health Care the firm does not seem to have enough of it. For instance, decisions are make by the management without consulting internal or external stakeholders which is destructive for the organization since the former are the implementers of company policies and the latter are the recipients of the effects of the implementation of these policies. The management holds meetings with employees only to inform them of decisions that have already been made, making employees, like any other business resources, to be exploited without caring about their feelings or welfare. Religious Health Care has a top-to-bottom management style, whereby employees do not have a role to

Management finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management finance - Essay ExampleThe reporting system in the company is new and shall be changing the norms and the culture of the company. With the gateway of new processes to the company operations then it is usually faced with resistant from the employees. The change in the processes of the company and the introduction of new process or norm is resisted whether it comes from inside or from outside of the company (Leanne, 2009). The reporting system in the company is resisted as well and employees consider it as the means of under estimating their performances in the company and shall not be able to truly evaluate their performances. The reporting system shall be considered as in just for the employees as the manager shall be taken the advantage of the performance and the employees and/or workers shall not be recognized for their performance (Debra & Bradley, 1999). Thus in order to get a better retort and acceptability from the employees the report should be the true reflectio n of the performance of the employees.Budget is the most important part of reporting as the actual performance of the segment is compared with the budget and thus the evaluation is done. The involvement of the employees shall be playing an important role in the reports as when the budget is prepared with the input from the employees considered along with the care perceptions then the budget prepared shall be much much realistic and achievable and the reports shall be getting a positive and accepted response by the employees (David, 2003). Budget is an integral part of the report and is utilized throughout the process, which involve planning, implementing and control (Mukdad, 2011), as the company enhances its internal controls and thus progress towards a more effective and controlled procedures. The budget in the report shall be much realistic, which involves the employees and the managers of all the departments of the company can attain and thus prepare a realistic and

Designing and Preparing the Evaluation Assignment - 1

Designing and Preparing the Evaluation - Assignment ExampleIn this step, one and only(a) determines where the program presently is. The result of the Assessment step is an analysis of the SWOTs (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) as per the data analysis. Here, a five-year strategical cast should be developed and written. The strategic proviso workforce analyses the SWOTs and uses the results to make out and prioritize policies that the program aims to implement a stated work frame agreement. I will then revise my forge logic model and line up my yearly work plan with the prioritized policies and the timeline to be implemented. The key product of this step is the documented strategic plan. Of the most grievous sections of the create step are the executive summary, SWOT analysis, stakeholder list, program strategies, data sources list, aligned yearly work plan, implementation process, communicating process, and revised five-year strategy. The step involves mandu ction out data concerning the plan in a manner that make the plan easily understood and essential for stakeholders. The results of the communicate step include the communication notes and products that I distribute annually about the strategic plan, such as evaluation, creation, and implementation. The strategies in the plan are practiced as illustrated in the strategic plan execution timeline. This step produces completion of actions in yearly work plans, as mirrored in the accomplishment of SMART aims. The implementation is recorded in my strategic plan in progress documents, using the indicators of the marketing training programs. In the evaluation step, I will evaluate the implementation of the plan and my program activities. I can develop questions and gather data to notify the yearly work plan for the following year. Data used in the evaluation are utilised in monitoring the progress of the five-year strategic plan.

Choose and plan with skills reflection (x 1000 words) Coursework

Choose and plan with skills reflection (x 1000 words) - Coursework ExampleSimilarly, in the job description of a flagship store manager, it is extremely primal that the candidate is smart and speaks well.Like it is mentioned above, the retail sector requires a person with great social and people skills. I stomach a command on two languages, Thai and English. This means that I can directly deal with the local customers as well as the one belonging to other nationalities. In addition to this, I can use Microsoft Office proficiently especially Microsoft Excel to compute all data related to the store. This is an advantage because I have an understanding of all computerized data and can link it well to the stores data (customers data). My past experience as an assistant to the merchandise manager and my qualification in the field of business has prepared me well to the retail sector and I know how important it is to satisfy the customers. With business studies as my basic academic qua lification, I know the importance of dressing up professionally for the retail outlet. Moreover, I am aware of the importance of having good interpersonal skills which include fluent communication, listening skills, team work, crisis management, being assertive and empathising. These skills which developed over some time taught me how to keep myself calm and poise in episode of disturbing situations like handling customers complaints. My past experience of dealing with suppliers for an event taught that time management is the key to success and without planning the event can be completely fail. It developed my time management skills and improved my abilities.Managing a flagship store is not an easy task because it involves the management of various types of people belonging to divergent socio-economic backgrounds. In addition, people have different educational background followed by different set of skills therefore, it is a difficult task to bring

Discussions about sex gender and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussions about sex sex and society - Essay Exampledrag queens giving a very conscious illustration of glamourous women that registers security and a sense of belonging within the gay community, showing a type of power relationship that defies femininity.What is interesting is that Paris is Burning tends to show that queers bodies have become instruments that elicit hatred and contempt. Gay drag queens appear more comfortable in their skin when exemplifying the ideal of grueling femininity and a sense of self-hatred when forced to engage in social activities without costume. It is perhaps because society has constructed norms that applaud heterosexual ideals (the ultra-feminine woman persona), but thrash when gay men give off femininity in their inherent male form. The documentary is an interesting case study of how established social norms regarding gender determine self-esteem for a queer out of costume and when in costume in terms of their perspective on social belonging.Wh en Ru capital of Minnesota is discussing the drag transformation that the jocks will be undertaking, he says, so put some muscle into it, as though making appeals toward masculinity that underpins the typical jock. He wants the jocks to be comfortable and excited about being turned into a drag queen, using discourse associated with gender stereotypes of masculinity. It is as if the jocks might be hangdog or less motivated if he were to use the same feminine mannerisms he uses with other drag queens. This is an interesting idea for representing how gender roles are socially constructed. He must appeal to the stereotypical construction of masculine attitude and behavior to affect a genuine desire to participate in this transformation.Sharon Osbourne, the judge, states that one drag queen looks very vulnerable, yet comments that the male in costume is doing the best he can. In other episodes, judges are very lively of poor femininity and glamour in performance, but here there is a t ype of social sensitivity for the straight drag queens in order to

Introduction to Financial Services Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Financial Services - Case Study Example liter years ago, financial services has accounted for less than 3 percent of GDP in the US and developed Europe, which at present, is mounted to almost 10 percent (Stephenson 2005). Thus, the financial services industry is one of the many industries that produce rapid growth in the world economy (Stephenson 2005).The modern financial industry witnessed 1986 as the big bang era that opened London up more widely to international competition through electronic trading (Harris 1998). The onset of computer technology and worldwide telecommunications systems has undoubtedly brought rapid changes that likewise brought changes to financial services. A widening of shared ownership and investment opportunities from few to many has been heralded by this schooling (Harris 1998). This development has bid adieu to the usage of a stockbroker, as it has now been possible for one to buy and sell certain financial investments through a go ste ady to the local bank or using the computer.Before the onset of advanced technology and computerization, there used to be a clear difference in the midst of a retail bank and a building society, or an insurance company, which all had a separate argument from the retail bank. Today, financial institutions cannot be tardily differentiated as the differences between them are disappearing while they continuously compete against each other to sell services that used to be sell by just one portion of the sector (Harris 1998). The past witnessed each firm with a narrow band of services, which it offered to a wide range of consumers and business clients. Even the payment system was controlled by commercial banks that ready the authority to clear checks and drafts. Today, payments and money are facilitated electronically in volumes that are not good handled in the somatogenetic form (Johnson 2000). Mortgage finance, which is now traded as securities, is likewise available from a wide r ange of sources while securities firm offer corporal and government securities as investment avenues (Johnson 2000). Even insurance companies provide products that compete with investments, which can be obtained through securities firms. It may be inferred that the dynamics of the banking industry have been permanently changed by mutual funds, which is an outcome of recent technology advancement (Johnson 2000). The same advancement has blurred traditional roles, causing difficulty to distinguish the product of a commercial bank from that of another financial institution. Banks are now selling insurance, with some having taken over some insurance firms. Virgin Boots offers a range of insurance companies in much the same way as Marks &Spencer sells investment products and pensions (Harris 1998). Likewise, if one needs a mortgage, he can go to a building society, a bank, an insurance company, and even a local supermarket. Financial services also witnessed the rapid growth of telephon e call centres and helplines with their change magnitude staffing jobs. A process of significant change in a period of new alignments in domestic markets and increased global competition is currently approach by the financial services industry (Johnson 2000). For several years, bank deposits have served as the basis for the countrys payment mechanism, until such time electronic banking occurred, replacing physical

High School Sports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

High School Sports - Research Paper ExampleThis assignment is actually aims at assembling an turn up use appropriate resources, formats and tools and using sufficient supporting evidence to convey our message to our readers. According to the Longman Writer rhetoric, reader and handbook (Judith Nadell, John Langan, Eliza Comodromos, 2005), the supporting evidence is at the heart of hard-hitting writing. Without it essays lack energy and fail to project the writers voice of perspective. In other words supporting evidence is like red bull, it gives the essay wings.Sports have become an integral part of high groom. It is important as it adds to the physical development of the students. Participating in activities actually prepares them to be athletes in the tightly fitting future if they so desire. However, as expected competitive Sports like any other widely discussed topic have positive and negative aspects. Sports boost school spirit among students and the thrill of having the su pport of the entire student body builds confidence for the athletes especially if they support their team through thick and thin. Also for students with low self-esteem, the opera hat thing to do is to encourage them to take part in a sport. Therefore sports build self-esteem, not to mention its good physical activities. In addition, students who are involved in sports learn life-long skills that may be transferred into their chosen career path - skills such as team work, communication and time counseling skills.With benefits like that, it is hard to only pin-point the negatives. It is understandable that negativities will be associated with it. However, with the correct guidance of families and coaches, athletes will stay on the right track and not discover into the negativities associated with the sport. With reference to Bissingers article Innocents Afield, which spoke about high school sports, Bissinger addressed only the negative aspects associated with the topic. He critici zed the millions

Barnes% Noble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Barnes% Noble - Essay ExampleAnother factor affecting the component of publishing is the solid increase of the price of oil and natural gas. In printing, most of the raw materials used for printing like inks are derived from oil. Its mail order catalogue is withal affected by the rising cost of postage. In printing, which composes the bulk of Barnes &Nobles expenses, one of the problems aside from rising cost is the large amount of composition used and the toxic waste it produces such as solvents and inks. Likewise the industry sees the digital technology rather expensive and cuts their profit.As to availability of transportation and transfer airlines, I see no problem as to its availability since t present are available companies like Fedex and other airline companies. The only problem seen here is the cost of freight, and insurance.As to employment, Barnes and Noble recognizes the efforts of employees by giving them a rewarding career experience. Competitive compensation, benefi t package and promotion. It provides employees a financial security plan, insane leave and disability pay, life insurance, continuing education, transit benefits and discounts (Barnes & Noble, n. d.). They believe that it is rewarding to discover new writers. Average annual revenue of a printing pressure sensation employee is $145,000.(First Research) while pay for writers is not disclosed.A supplier has bargaining power if he possess the capacity to dominate the contracting partner due o its influence, power, status or size, or through a combination of various tactics. Barnes & Noble who owns the largest chain of bookstores in US, has the power to command the price of books and to control

Project Management(file one) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Project Management(file one) - Essay ExampleThe act is determined by Mean = (o + 4m + p)/6. Its variance will be given by activity (Variance) = ((p - o)/6)2. The value attained is the z-value which can be related in the z-tables to give the probability of completing the project in quantify (Phillips, 2004).The CPM/PERT technique were used alongside the base lines for cost, work and schedule variances. The assumption taken was that the duration of activities was established with certainty. The realistic duration will deal up to precisely as estimated (Oduwole, 2002). Nonetheless, in actual activities, this is impossible and several projects entail variability in activity times owing to factors like lose of previous experience, breakdown of equipment, erratic weather conditions. Besides, late supply of deliveries is an impediment. PERT analysis is applicable when activity durations are not known with precision. It constitutes three estimates of the activity duration as opposed to t he single value analysis identified with CPMThe base line conditions for this report assessed and evaluated the situation of work considering the baseline and actual reporting. For instance, a deviation in the original budget is captured and observed in the percentage of work covered, the budget allocation and the amount of work remaining. This is a useful get together to learn from since the project manager can read the variance with ease and try to correct any change in project scope (Oduwole, 2002). This is the implication of using project management techniques to monitor and evaluate work progress. Any work related delays will be easily identified and correction do by observing the cause of such changes (Heerkens, 2007). Similarly, the schedule can be monitored for deviation. The possible correction to schedule is to check on the capability of the manpower or work force (Cleland, & Ireland, 2006). If work is going slowly than expected, it may mean that

Raghunath Prasad CASE Essay Example for Free

Raghunath Prasad CASE EssayFather and son equal owners of a capacious joint family property both quarrelled over it Father instituted criminal proceedings against the son In order to defend himself, the son borrowed money from the plaintiff at 24% compound interest and mortgaged his properties In eleven days, the amount payable magnified more than eleven fold Defendant contended that plaintiff/ loaner taking conscienceless advantage of his mental scathe and exercised indefensible influence defendant failed to prove that the lender was in a topographic point to rein his pass on Borrower got no relief. However, no presumption of undue influence in following cocktail dresss and burden of proof lies on the business officey claiming as much(prenominal) 1. Landlord and tenant2. Creditor and debitor3. Husband and wife1. This is an call forth from a reign, dated November 9, 1920, of the High Court of Judicature at Patna, which varied a decree, dated September 25, 1 917, of the Subordinate decide of Arrah. 2. The suit is for recovery of the amount of principal and interest due by the appellant to the respondents (the plaintiffs) under a mortgage of late May 27, 1910. The Subordinate pronounce gave decree in the mortgage suit but only allowed simple interest. The High Court allowed compound interest. 3. The substantial question raised on the appeal is whether the appellant, in the circumstances proved in the case, fell within the protective provisions of percentage 2 of the Indian Contract (Amendment) Act, 1899. It may be expedient to set that section out in full 2. Section 16 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, is hereby repealed, and the following is substituted therefor, namely 16.(1) A contract is verbalize to be induced by undue influence where the relations subsisting between the parties ar such that one of the parties is in a vex to dominate the lead of the other(a) and uses that position to come up an unfair advantage over the ot her.(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing principle, a person is deemed to be in a position to dominate the ordain of another (a) where he holds a real or apparent authority over the other, or where he stands in a fiduciary relation to the other or (b) where he makes a contract with a person whose mental capacity is temporarily or permanently affected by reason of age,illness, or mental or bodily distress. (3) Where a person who is in a position to dominate the will of another, enters into a contract with him, and the transaction attends, on the face of it or on the evidence adduced, to be unconscionable, the burden of proving that such contract was not induced by undue influence shall lie upon the person in a position to dominate the will of the other Nothing in this sub-section shall affect the provisions of Section 111 of the of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. 4. It is in the view of the Board by that section that the question arising between these parties falls to be settled, and not by reference to the legislation of other countries, e. g., the English Moneylenders Act.The statute to be here construed is the Indian Contract Act as amended. It is accompanied with danger to invoke as authority in an Indian case expressions which merely connote the principles which underlie a particular English statute, and form a guide to its interpretation. As will be seen this general watching is required by reason of the citation of certain authorities alluded to in the judgment of the Subordinate Judge and referred to in the argument before their Lordships Board. 5. The appellant is a member of a joint undivided family owning a property of considerable value, including inter alia, 186 villages, assessed to revenue for closely Rs. 17,000 annum. 6. The mortgage is dated May 27, 1910. It is for the sum of Rs. 9,999 borrowed from the plaintiffs. The identify of interest is covered by the following provision I, the declarant, do promis e that I shall pay interest on the said debt at the rate of 2 per cent, per mensem on the 30th Jeth of each year.In case of non-payment of the annual interest, the interest will be taken as principal and interest will dismission thereon at the rate of 2 per cent, par mensem, that is, interest will be calculated on the principle of compound interest. 7. There can be no question that these terms were high if payment was not made the sum due on the mortgage would speedily mount up. By the decree of the High Court which was pronounced on November 9, 1920, it is seen that the original debt of Rs. 10,000 had reached, with interest and costs calculated up to May 8, 1921, more than a lac of rupees, viz., Rs. 1,12,885. In eleven years the stipulation for interest at 24 per cent, compound had magnified the sum covered by the mortgage more than elevenfold. It is upon these facts, coupled with one other about to be mentioned, that the appellant takes his stand. 8. The statement in the defence admits that at the time ofthe execution of the mortgage the defendant was owner of one half of a rich joint family property. The owner of the other half was his father. Father and son had quarrelled. Serious allegations are made by the son against the father whereas it appears that the father had instituted criminal proceedings against the son. Shortly before the date of the mortgage the defendant had borrowed Rs. 1,000 from the plaintiffs so as to enable him to defend himself in these criminal proceedings.It is alleged that they caused him great mental distress, and that he required more money to conduct his litigations. That is the story. 9. Evidence was taken in the case. It is adequate to say that the defendants gave no evidence at all. It is quite plain that no Court can accept a story thus unproved by its author as establishing a case either of mental distress or of undue influence under the Indian Contract Act. The only case which the appellant has is the case derived from t he contents of the mortgage itself. 10. It is argued with force that these are unconscionable, and that it is the debt instrument of the Court in India to step in either to rescind the contract or to rectify the bargain. It was the latter course which was argued for in the present case. In tin of this argument much reliance was placed upon the judgment pronounced by Lord Davey in Dhanipal Das v. Raja Maneshar Bakhsh Singh. (1906) L.R. 33 I.A. 118, s.c. 9 Bom. L.R. 304, 306. 11.Before, however, addressing themselves to the authorities cited their Lordships conceive of it desirable to make clear their views upon, in particular, Sub-section 3 of Section 16 of the Indian Contract Act as amended. By this sub-section three matters are dealt with. In the first place the relations between the parties to each other must he such that one is in a position to dominate the will of the other. Once that position is substantiated the second stage has been reached, viz., the issue whether the con tract has been induced by undue influence. Upon the determination of this issue a third point emerges, which is that of the preventative probandi. The burden of proving that the contract was not induced by undue influence is to lie upon the person who was in a position to dominate the will of the other. 12. geological fault is almost sure to arise if the order of these propositions be changed. The unconscionableness of the bargain is not the first thing to be considered. The first thing to be considered is the relations of these parties. Were they such as to put one in a position to dominate the will of the other? Having this distinctionand order in view the authorities appear to their Lordships to be easily properly interpreted. 13. In the judgment of this Board in Dhanipal Das v. Raja Maneshar Bakhsh Singh, (1906) L.R. 33 I.A. 118. the outstanding effect was that the borrower who mortgaged the farming was actually, at the date of the transaction, under the control of the Court o f Wards. He was treated, to use the language of Lord Davey, as under a peculiar disability and placed in a position of helplessness, and the lender was proved to have been sure of that and, therefore, in a position to dominate the borrowers will. Lord Davey thus expressed the Boards view (p. 126)Their Lordships are of opinion that although the respondent was left free to contract debt, yet he was under a peculiar disability and placed in a position of helplessness by the fact of his estate being under the control of the Court of Wards, and they must assume that Auseri Lal, who had known the respondent for some fifty years, was aware of it. They are therefore of opinion that the position of the parties was such that Auseri Lal was in a position to dominate the will of the respondent within the meaning of the amended Section 16 of the Indian Contract Act. It remains to be seen whether Auseri Lal used that position to obtain an unfair advantage over the respondent. 14. This case was f ollowed in terms in the case of Maneshar Bakhsh Singh v. Shadi Lal (1909) L.R. 36 I.A. 96 in which the bond in suit was given by a talukdar in Oudh without the knowledge and consent of the Court of Wards aft(prenominal) his estate had been placed under it.In these circumstances the former case was followed, and Lord Collins expressed the opinion of the Board to be that they are live up to that in this case also the borrower was placed in such a condition of helplessness that the lender was in a position to dominate his will, and that he used that position to obtain an unfair advantage over the appelant. 15. It is sufficient to say that the borrower in the present case was sui juris, had the full power of bargaining and of burdening his estate, that his estate was not under the Court of Wards and that he lay under no disability. With regard to his helplessness nothing whatsoever is proved in the case ask out the bare fact that he being a man of wealth as owner of one-half of certa in joint family property wished to obtain and did obtain certain monies on loan. The only relation between the parties that was proved was simply that they werelender and borrower. 16. It is an entire mistake to represent the ratiocinations of this Board as being scatty in light upon the last mentioned case.For in Sundar Koer v. Sham Krishen (1906) L.R. 34 I. A, 9, 16, the exact point was referred to by Lord Davey in the course of the judgment read by him (p. 16) There is no evidence of any actual exercise of undue influence by the mortgagees or of any special circumstances from which an inference of undue influence could be legitimately drawn, except that the mortgagor was in urgent need of money. The learned counsel for the appellant argued that the mortgagees wore thereby placed in a position to dominate the will of the mortgagor, and cited a recent ending of this BoardDhanipal Das v. Raja Maneshar Bakhsh Singh.In that case, however, the borrower was a disqualified proprietor under the Oudh Land receipts Act, 1870, and his estate was under the management of the Court of Wards, and it was on that ground that their Lordships held that the borrower was under a peculiar disability, and the position of the parties was such that the lender was in a position to dominate his will. There is nothing of that kind in the present case, and their Lordships are not prepared to hold that urgent need of money on the part of the boriower will of itself place the parties in that position.17. This precisely fits the situation of these parties. It has not been proved,it might be said that it has not even been attempted to be proved,that the lender was in a position to dominate the will of the borrower. 18. In these circumstances, even though the bargain had been unconscionable (and it has the appearance of being so) a remedy under the Indian Contract Act does not come into view until the initial fact of a position to dominate the will has been established. Once that fact is established, then the unconscionable nature of the bargain and the burden of proof on the issue of undue influence come into operation. In the present case, for the reasons stated, these stages are not reached. 19. Their Lordships think it advanced to observe that the judgment now pronounced is not in accord with the principles laid down by the Appellate Civil Court of Calcutta in Abdul Majeed v. Khirode Chandra chum salmon (1914) I.L.R. 42 Cal. 690. that where there is ample security, the exaction of excessive and usurious interest, in itself raises a presumption of undue influence which itrequires very little evidence to substantiate.Their Lordships think this decision to be wrong. There is no such presumption until the question has first been settled as to the lender being in a position to dominate the borrowers will. Their Lordships are further of opinion with reference to the citation of Smuel v. Newbold 1906 A.C. 461., that that case does not form any authority in the co nstruction of the Indian Contract Act. The case was determined under the Moneylenders Act, 1900, as it expressly bears. The issue was thus stated by Lord Macnaghten (p. 468) It seems to me that the construction of the Moneylenders Act, 1900, is plain enough, and that the evidence before your Lordships is more than sufficient to show that this case is within the mischief which the Act was designed to remedy. 20.In the view of the Board cases of that character form no precedent for a decision of the present appeal which is rested on another and very differently worded statute. 21. Their Lordships are of opinion that the decree of the High Court should be varied by allowing compound interest on the principal at the rate of two per cent, per mensem from the date of the execution of the bond until September 25, 1917, and thereafter simple interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum up to the date of realization, and that in other respects the decree of the High Court should be affirm ed, and they will humbly advise His highness accordingly. 22. The appellants will pay the costs of the appeal.

Public Opinion and Foreign Policy Essay Example for Free

Public Opinion and Foreign Policy EssayThis research is a review of an article by Douglas C. Foyles Public Opinion and Foreign Policy Elite Beliefs as a Mediating Variables. In addition, the latter part of this research evaluates the article and provides recommendations for tho assertable scholastic contributions. Foyles research is centeringed on the subject ara of humanity survey and its correlation and influence to foreign policy. The increasing interest of scholars approximately this subject matter has been immense and is widely acknowledged in recent scholarly contributions in recent times (Foyle 141). Thus, in this research, Foyle seeks to narrow down his focus on the correlation of the influence of usual panorama to foreign policy and the elite group beliefs of policy makers. This, in its context, establishes the beliefs of policy makers as the mediating variable that delimits the possibilities of public view to influence foreign policies. Thesis Foyle argues th at the beliefs of determination makers on the matter of the influence of public opinion on foreign policies have an actual effect to decision making (141, 144, 164).The research elaborates on this by citing adjustings which suggest that the influence of public opinion may vary on a number of factors. The factors according to Russet, complicates twain the decision time and the type of issue under consideration (144). In its argument, the research regards decision makers as the top level policy makers, frequently cited in the study as the leaders who be at the top of the hierarchy are likely to participate, and has final authority for the decision (144).Public opinion, however, are hardened through various representatives such as editorial opinion, polls, letters, etc (144). Foyle cited V. O Keys definition of public opinion as those opinions held by private persons which governments find it prudent to heed. . Consistent with Keys perspective, Philip Powlick, relying on intervie ws with State Department and National Security Council (NSC) officials, discovered policy makers did vary in how they operationalized public opinion.He reported officials relied more often on the news media and elected representatives as indicators of public opinion. They used mass opinion (such as polls and letters) to a lesser extent and other elites and interest group activity least of all. (144) On the other hand, Foyle refers to beliefs as the perceptions of the policy makers on the desirability and importance of public opinion in influencing decisions in foreign policies (145). Furthermore, Holsti defines a belief system as the set of lenses through which information concerning the physical and social environment is received. Also, Vertzberger believes it usually include principles and general ideas on the nature of the social and physical environment that constitutes policymakers field of action (144). Logic In this light, the belief system is analyzed with a theoretical fram ework containing two dimensions normative beliefs and practical beliefs (141, 145). In this study, both concepts are utilized and cadencyd as the logic which supports Foyles argument. Normative beliefs measure the desirability of the public opinion to influence policies in the perspective of the policy maker.According to Foyle, this belief is composed of the judgment of an individual on whether input from public opinion is desirable or not in affecting foreign policy choices (145). On the other hand, practical beliefs measure the level of destiny of public support for a foreign policy to be successful (141). It presents the point of view of policy makers towards the idea of support from the public as to whether it is necessary or not for the success of a foreign policy.This logic further observes the correlation of elite beliefs and the influence of public opinion to foreign policy by using both the normative and practical beliefs as defining dimensions in which forms four possib le distinct belief systems delegate executor pragmatist, and guardian. (Foyle 145). These four systems are ideologies that illustrates an individuals take on both the desirability of public opinion in affecting foreign policies and the level of necessity of the public support.One of the these systems are the delegates who are delimitate as policy makers who believe public opinion is desirable in influencing foreign policies, and public support is necessary for the success of these policies (145). Executors, however, are defined as those who believe that public opinion is desirable, thus input from others is acceptable but support is not necessary for the success of a policy (146). On the other hand, pragmatists are the ones who do not credit public opinion entirely but they consider public support as a necessity for a chosen policy (146).Lastly, guardians are the ones who block the connections of both the importance of public opinion and the requirement of a public support (147). T hese four systems are used as a tool to measure the classification of a policy maker in how it views the human relationship of the input of public opinion and choices on foreign policies. With all these components utilized as the logic of the study, Foyle believes that categorizing policy makers into these belief systems, and understanding their individual beliefs on the relationship of public input and foreign policies, would further prove his arguments in this study.Also, this logic examines the feasibility of using normative and practical beliefs as a predictor of decision makers behavior (147). search Method The study uses qualitative content analysis to evaluate the interaction between the beliefs and behaviors of policy makers. (147) Foyle employs extensive archival materials available on the beliefs and behavior of electric chair Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. Foyle believes that a qualitative content analysis of Eisenhowers and Dulless nor mative and practical public opinion beliefs establishes them as pragmatists.Based on these beliefs, I outline predictions of decision-making behavior for these two individuals and compare these predictions with decisions made during the Chinese offshore islands crisis in September 1954. (147) There were several(prenominal)(prenominal) steps taken to administer the collection of data and its evaluation. According to Foyle, beliefs can hardly be measured directly, thus it must be inferred from the data which, in this kind, should be retrieved from available statements by the policy makers being examined (148).In this light, the study examined public and private communications, public writings and speeches. These are found in several public sources and archives to come up with a clear characterization of the individuals beliefs (148). In addition, three types of data were used to consider elite beliefs on public opinion (1) private communication before and after taking office (2) publi c statements before taking office and (3) unprepared extempore statements in office (149).Since there are reservations to the reliability of the qualitative content analysis, Foyle made use of two methods to deal with this issue (149). Foyle ensures that the beliefs analyses are completed ab initio before the detailed examination of behavior are reported. This succession, according to Foyle, makes sure that there are no influences by the examination of behavior on the beliefs analysis. In addition, Foyle employed an external party to measure the validity of the analysis and to ensure that there are no unintentional influence findings by that analyst (149).To determine the influence of beliefs to policy makers behavior, process training and congruency testing were utilized (Foyle 150). The procedure starts with the identification of the predicted theoretical relationship between the dependent and nonparasitic variables. Thereafter, the outcomes of the observations between the depe ndent and independent variables are determined and examined in relation to the theorys predictions (150). Therefore, if the outcome is in accordance with the theory, there exists a relationship between the variables.

Evolution of Management Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Management EssayFrom the Biblical times we get hold monarchies of the time use some form of management to nobleman over the great kingdoms such as the Egyptians who used hierarchy management to build the pyramids, Moses leading the Israelites with the desert to the promised land and King David when he was in overbear of the kingdom of Israel. In Ancient civilizations, the Roman Empire make use of devolved government to manage the vast empires resources. This was done through governors who were in charge of certain atomic number 18as as we see in the bible during the birth of Jesus Christ. We can find artifacts that in old cities such as Jerusalem where we find aqueducts that give us an idea of how they managed the water resources. Modernization of the world led to cities and towns that brought about the need to manage the resources in order to provide services to the sight living within them. We also find management in the church and military before the industr ial revolution.The Roman Catholic Church is one instance that has had an impact on management as we see in the catholic hierarchy led by the pope and includes cardinals, patriarchs, and bishops. The Military has greatly influenced management through power vested in positions in the chain of command. Management continued to evolve and we find individuals in history who have made contributions to the art of management as we know it Luka Pacioli was an Italian mathematician considered the father of accounting.He invented the double entry accounting system. Adam Smith was a political economist whose concepts on economics at the beginning of the industrial revolution contributed greatly to management today. Robert Owens, Charles Babbage, Henry Vernum Poor and Henry Robinson Towne are other individuals who were influential to management in this era. With the onset of the industrial revolution, new ways of management came into play as new generations looked to increase productivity of org anizations.Classical EraScientific Management Scientific management was pioneered by Frederick W. Taylor a mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He saw the need to have management design jobs properly and provide incentives to cue workers to achieve higher productivity. His ideology was to find the best practice, decompose the task into its constituent elements and get rid of things that do not add value. Taylors scientific management gave way to specialization and is considered the basis to many other management systems that came after. Taylor was supported in this new way of management by Henry Gantt who is licenced with the Gantt chart that is widely used for project management. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were also early advocates of the scientific management system. Through the motion study, Frank sought to make the processes more than efficient by reducing the motions while Lillians interest was on the human aspect of work. The human aspect of the scientific management principles seek to say the workers personality and needs.Administrative ManagementHenri Fayol, was a French engineer and manager of the mines developed the administrative theory of management. He viewed management as an military action prevalent to all human undertakings. He is credited to giving us the first comprehensive functions of management1.Planning2.Organizing 3.Command/Direct 4.Coordinate 5.Control He urged that management was an all encompassing activity that should be taught in schools, colleges and universities. This approach proposed that management is a skill which can be acquired if its principles are understood and rejected the idea that managers are born, not made.Bureaucratic ManagementA German Sociologist, Max webers approach to management was by focusing on the organizational structure. His views divided organizations into hierarchies with suck in lines of authority and control, divided labor such that authority and responsibility are cl early defined and legitimized, organizational officials are appointed and not elected, organization members are selected on the basis of their technical qualification obtained through formal education and training. Organizations are to treat all employees and customers equally and not be influenced by differences. Webers principles on organizing can create stable, organized and systematic organizations but make it difficult for the organization to adapt to changing environments and new challenges.Neo-Classical Eraoperations Management (Research) Operations management, also known as quantitative management, gives a quantitative basis for decision making. It is characterised by the search for the optimal answer to a problem by using quantitative models. It specially deals with the development of mathematical models to aid in decision making and problem solving. This theory holds that managing is a legitimate and rationale process, so it can be expressed in terms of mathematical models .

The History Of Cloud Computing Information Technology Essay

The History Of profane Computing Information Technology EssayCloud Computing argon data and applications that ar recoverible through legions around the world (Clouds), and it posterior be reached at every time, from any device with off installing that specific application to your computer. info management within befog involves extreme parallelization and distri providedion of data. Its goals are to provide quickness in which applications are deployed, increase the engineering, and lower costs, all while increase business agility. The different types of proceedss including IaaS, PaaS, SaaS have been projected for b litterch reason. But, consumers want efficient and efficient security for their virtual machines. in that respect is some cloud providers that spree security-as-a-service based on VM introspection that promise the best of both worlds efficient centralization and effective protection. Since customers skunk move data and apps from one cloud to another, an effec tive solution requires learning what providers to work with and what they secure.This report allow provide detailed understanding of cloud computing and its major security issues. This will include the fib of Cloud Computing, the models, its characteristics, deployment models, applications, advantages and disadvantages, security issues and other concerns.Key WordsAccess ControlCloud ComputingCloud SecurityDelivery ModelsDeployment ModelsSPIThis Report is organized the followingChapter 1 IntroductionsChapter 2 Defining Cloud ComputingChapter 3 Cloud SecurityChapter 4 Conclusion/ upcoming ResearchIntroductionClouds is a metaphor for the Internet, the term Cloud Computing for computation all over the Internet. It allows implementrs to recover resources database and Internet applications from anywhere as long as needed without worrying about criminal maintenance or management of real resources. In addition, the databases in the cloud are very dynamic and evolving.Cloud Computing is unlike grid computing, utility computing, or autonomic computing. In fact, it is a very independent platform in terms of computing. The best example of cloud computing if Google Apps where any application can be accessed utilise a browser and it can be deployed on thousands of computer through the earnings. Most of the data is stored on local lucres with servers that may be clustered and sharing storage. This approach has had time to be developed into stable architecture, and provide decent redundancy when deployed right. Pinal Dave. Introduction to Cloud Computing Published 10 Apr 2009This new technology, cloud computing, requires the attention and it changes rapidly the direction of the technology. Whether it is Googles file system or Microsoft Azure, it is clear that cloud computing has arrived with practically to learn. In dealing with the digest concept of the cloud, it is easy to misunderstand the structure and function.Defining Cloud ComputingWhat is Cloud Computing ?Cloud computing is a type of computation over the Internet. It shares resources instead of victimisation a software or hardware on a physical computer. Cloud computing can be software and infrastructure. And, it can improve collaboration, mobility, size and availability features.It also improves cost reduction by offering a centralized platform for use when needed, and the reduction of energy consumption. contrary grid computing, cloud computing can be hosted externally, but also internally, oddly for companies who have businesses around the world.Consumers will no longer have to download and install memory-hogging applications and software on their device and will instead have access to everything they need via the browser. With this model, most of the computing software will be rented on an as-needed basis rather than being bought as an expensive one-off purchase. what is cloud computing and how to use it. February 11, 2010 .There are many definitions that try to answer the cl ouds of todays point of capture of developers, researchers, administrators, engineers and consumers. This report focuses on a definition that is specifically tailored to the unique perspectives of IT network and security professionals.2.2. History of Cloud ComputingOriginally, Cloud Computing was an unclear term for a vague and distant future in which computing would occur in a few remote locations without the need for very much human intervention. Infinite computing resources would be available for every need at prices approaching zero. Certainly, users would not care about how the computers, their software, or the network functioned.The root word of an intergalactic computer network was introduced in the 60s by J.C.R. Licklider, who was responsible for enabling the development of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) in 1969.His vision was for everyone on the globe to be interconnected and accessing programs and data at any site, from anywhere, explained Margaret Lewis, product marketing director at AMD. It is a vision that sounds a lot like what we are business cloud computing. History of cloud computing Computer Weekly (2009).Computer scientist John McCarthy, who attributed the cloud concept, proposed the idea of computation being delivered as a world utility, similar to the service bureaus which date back to the 60s. Since the 60s, cloud computing has developed along a number of lines, with Web 2.0 being the most recent evolution. However, since the internet only started to offer significant bandwidth in the 90s, cloud computing for the masses has been something of a late developer.In the past, the computers were connected from a larger computer. It was a universal technique in industry. The technique enabled you to configure the computer to talk to each other with specially designed protocols to balance the computational load across machines. As a user you didnt care about what CPU was running the program, and cluster management softw are ensured that the best CPU at that time was used to commit the code.In the early 1990s Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman came up with a new concept of The Grid. The analogy used was of the electricity grid where users could plug into the grid and use a metered utility service. If companies dont have their own powers stations, but rather access a third party electricity supply, why cant the same don to computing resources? Plug into a grid of computers and pay for what you use. Cloud Expo Article A Brief History of Cloud Computing Is the Cloud There Yet? Paul Wallis August 22, 2008 One of the first milestones for cloud computing was the arrival of Salesforce.com in 1999, which pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple entanglementsite. The services fast(a) paved the way for both specialist and mainstream software firms to deliver applications over the internet. The next development was Amazon Web service in 2002, which provided a cortege of cloud-ba sed services including storage, computation and even human intelligence through the Amazon Mechanical Turk. Then in 2006, Amazon launched its Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) as a commercial web service that allows small companies and individuals to rent computers on which to run their own computer applications. Amazon EC2/S3 was the first widely accessible cloud computing infrastructure service, said Jeremy Allaire, CEO of Brightcove, which provides its SaaS online video platform to UK TV stations and newspapers. A history of cloud computing ArifMohamed Friday 27 March 2009 another(prenominal) big milestone came in 2009, as Web 2.0 hit its stride, and Google and others started to offer browser-based enterprise applications, though services such as Google Apps.Today, many companies are shot up data centers, sometimes as an extension of their own needs, sometimes only to serve customers. Originally, the idea of these clouds was to provide power and storage capacity. Everything else will be taken up by the customer. Now providers offer many services depending on the consumer needs. mention http//www.fuzeboxinc.com/Extras/Blog/2.3. SPI for Cloud ComputingSPI. This abbreviation stands for the three major services in the cloud. Software-as-a-Service, Platform-as-a-Service, and al-Qaida-as-a-Service. computer address http//texdexter.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/figure-1-cloud-computing-architecture.jpg2.4. Delivery Models base of operations as a Service (IaaS)- Instead of wasting money on servers, software, hardware, racks..etc. the provider would resource the service. This will be on demand computing and whatever the amount is consumed that what the consumer will be charged. This service can be hosted or via VPS(virtual private servers)Major Infrastructure Vendors Below are companies that provide infrastructure servicesGoogle (GOOG) Managed hosting, development environmentInternational Business Machines (IBM) Managed hostingSAVVIS (SVVS) Managed hostingTerremark Wo rldwide (TMRK) Managed hostingAmazon.com (AMZN) Cloud storageRackspace Hosting (RAX) Managed hosting cloud computingCloud platform services (PaaS)- delivers a platform or a solution hatful as a service. This makes the delivery of applications easier without the cost of hardware or software. equivalent Salesforce.coms, which lets subscribers access their applications over the cloud. Amazon, Google, and Microsoft have also allow the users access their applications from centralized servers.Software as a service (SaaS)- issoftware in the cloud. This deployment model is short through the web browser. This eliminates the installation of applications on the consumers computer making it easy to access as simplifying maintenance and support.Characteristic of SaaSAvailability via a web browseron demand availabilitypayment terms based on usageminimal IT demands2.5. Deployment ModelsPrivate cloud- This is used only for organizations. Can be managed by the organization or to third parties and can exist on premise or off premise.Community cloud- This is used by many organizations working together, and is matched with a particular community, which shared the concerns (eg, mission, security requirements, policy and compliance). It can be managed by organizations or third parties and can exist on premise or off premise.Public cloud- This is owned by cloud providers and is used by a larger organization or the general public. Hybrid cloud- Cloud Infrastructure is composed of two or much clouds (private, community or the public), that remain unique entities, but are caused by a stockized or branded technology that enables data and applications.2.6. Essential Characteristics What is Cloud Computing? On-demand self-service- A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each services provider.Broad network access- Capabilities are available over the ne twork and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, lap outperforms, and PDAs).Resource pooling- The providers computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that, the customer largely has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of synopsis (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). This includes storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines.Rapid elasticity- Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.Measured Service- Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.Source www.katescomment.com/images/CloudCube.pngCloud Security3.1. Pros and ConsThe main question is whether users are prepared to use the service from your local computer and are moving into the cloud because cloud computing has advantages and disadvantages to all potential users, but may have different meanings for different users.ProsReduced Cost Cloud technology is paid incrementally (you pay only for what you need), redemptive organizations money in the short run. Money saved can be used for other important resources.Increased Storage Companies can save more data than on servers.Highly Automated IT staff not needed to keep software up to date as maintenance is the job of the service provider on the cloud.More Mobility Employees can access entropy wherever they are.Allows IT to Shift Focus No longer having to worry about constant server updates and other computing issues, government organizations will be free to concentrate on innovation.ConsSecurity standards depending on company and global locationReliance on 3rd Party Control over own data is lost in the hands of an difficult-to-trust providerCost of transition Is it feasible for me to move from the breathing architecture of my data center to the architecture of the cloud?Uncertainty of benefits Are there any long term benefits?Today, customers are looking expand their on-premises infrastructure, but cannot afford the risk of compromising the security of their applications and data.In this survey of IDC, security ranked first as the greatest challenge or issue in cloud computing.So urce IDC Enterprise PanelWhat is Cloud Security?Security in the cloud, is not different than security control. But, because of the cloud models for contractual services, business models and technologies are used to cloud services, cloud computing different risks of a traditional organization of IT solutions can have. Cloud Computing is to lose control and accountability at the same time, but operational responsibility lies with one or more other parties.Not all services are the same. This depends on the provider you choose. This envision below illustrates the issue in SaaS where the contracts are negotiable service levels, privacy, and compliance are all issues to be dealt with legally in contracts. In an IaaS, the remainder of the stack is the responsibility of the costumer. PaaS offers a balance in between, where the provider is in charge of securing the platform, but securing the application developed against the platform and developing them securely, both belong to the consumer .Source http//www.rationalsurvivability.com/blog/wp-content/media/2009/07/CloudRefModel.htmlThe technology has many advantages for employers. It is a simple solution that is cost effective, and can be updated easily and as quickly as the business grows, especially during peak sales. Many entrepreneurs do not do their homework when registering with a provider of cloud, and neglect to ask whether sensitive data can be uninvolved or not, or what layers of security is available.Cloud Security Top ThreatsAccording to CSA (Cloud Security Alliance) The report, titled Top Threats to Cloud Computing V1.0, These are the following threats in cloud computingAbuse and Nefarious use of Cloud Computing Attackers can find a way to upload malware to thousands of computers and use the power of the cloud infrastructure to attack other machines.Insecure Application Programming Interfaces The reuse and combination of existing code to rapidly build applications often sacrifices quality potency for agili ty and quick turnaround, resulting in insecure APIs.Malicious Insiders One that gains in importance as many providers still dont reveal how the hire people, how they grant them access to assets or how they monitor them. Transparency is, in this case, vital to a secure cloud offering, along with compliance reporting and breach notification.Shared Technology Vulnerabilities share infrastructure is a way of life for IaaS providers. Unfortunately, the components on which this infrastructure is based were not designed for that. To ensure that customers dont thread on each others territory, monitoring and inviolate compartmentalization is required, not to mention scanning for and patching of vulnerabilities that might jeopardize this coexistence.Data Lose/Leakage Using security control to protect the inside(a) data in a company. This control is hard to apply to new environment. There is a lack of having the ability to monitor and control what is going on.Accounting, Services and Traffi c Hijacking The cloud is vulnerable to hacking. Like being redirected to malicious sites.Unknown risk profile The customer are not well intercommunicate on where their applications are being reside, nor the configurations of the systems.Access Control in the CloudIn a traditional network, access control focuses on protecting from illegitimate users based on host-based attributes. Which sometimes is inadequate, this can cause inaccurate accounting. In the cloud, the access control works as a cloud firewall policy. This is by using rules using TCP/IP parameters, including the source of IP, the source port, the IP destination and the port destination. Unlike the network-based access control, the access should be strongly focused in the cloud by binding the users identity to the resource in the cloud and will help protect access control, data protection and users accounts.ISO/IEC 27002 has defined cardinal access control objectives that cover end user, privileged user, network, appli cation, and information access control.The objective is to ensure that the authorized user have access the right information and unauthorized users are prevented from accessing the systems. A procedure should take place and should cover all stages in the lifecycle of the user access, staring from the registration of the new user to the terminal step which is denying the user who will no longer need to access the information in the system.The following are the six control statements Control access to information. Manage user access rights. Encourage good access practices. Control access to network services. Control access to operating systems. Control access to applications and systems.The reasons for this six control statements from the view of IT security, is providing access to information and applications to authorized users. The objective of this task is to provide the right users the right services, while preventing access to unauthorized users.Conclusion/Future Research4.1. C onclusionCloud computing is increasingly popular. Industry leaders like Microsoft, Google and IBM, have been promoting cloud computing and have gain a lot of costumer. But the rest of the public that are still doing research on the topic are still doubting and afraid to migrate to the cloud.There are still many questions left without any answer and the most important one is security. On the other hand, Cloud Computing is the most amazing technology that has happened recently. It is easy to use, cheaper, faster, and convenient. The question is whether the users are ready to move and if so, what providers to move to.Security technology must be developed specifically for the protection of the business in the cloud. The technology has changed and security needs to keep up with it.Future WorkAccording to btsecurethinking.com, Breach Security is working with partners, such as Akamai, to provide web application security in the cloud. Example, when deployed with Akamais Web Application Fire wall service, Breachs WebDefend Global Event Manager is the first web application security management solution to put up against global application security threats by enabling customers to make distributed cloud and data center defense-in-depth architectures operational.CSA and HP are still doing research on top threats and intended to alert businesses to current and future cloud computing risks.