Little Red Riding Hood Presented In Different Cultures Research Paper - 1

Little Red Riding Hood Presented In Different Cultures - Research Paper Example Little Red Riding Hood is yet another story that has been told many times in order to teach children lessons of not talking to strangers or disobeying their parents and elders. However, this story has been presented in various forms in different cultures all around the world because the best part about fairytales is that they may be morphed and diffused into different cultures and retold in different languages with the help of characters and beings that people are familiar with within the purview of their own cultures. The story of Little Red Riding Hood talks about a little girl who wore a red hooded cloak and went into the forest to look for wild berries and fruits. In the process, she was tricked into following a wolf dressed as her grandma, inside a house in a deserted part of the forest, where the wolf ultimately ate her up. The moral here is that children should not talk to or follow and believe strangers because they might fall into trouble and not have anyone around them to p rotect them from the evils of life. On viewing the same in a larger picture, parents tell their children this story as it is presented with a view to helping them understand the cruelties that lie in the world with respect to molestation, rape, and other criminal activities like vandalism and kidnapping, and how their children might be affected during their teenage years because those are the vulnerable years of a person’s life. Written by Gillian Cross, ‘Wolf’ is a very loose adaption of what a modern-day version of Little Red Riding Hood might be; it talks about the cruelties that young people are made to suffer and also social problems that rage in the world at present.

Short Essays Essay Example for Free

Short Essays Essay Ans. 5: If the stars move across the sky in circles centered directly overhead, the loacation of the observer would either be north pole or the south pole. This could be the location because the earth moves around the axes. This can be exaplained by looking at the following justification: Anyone who would be looking at the sky, would be always standing at the top of the earth. Therefore, the objectcs present at the celestial sphere which are classified relative to the ground willl occur at the same point of the sphere. In order to locate a person, we can mark the horizon diagonally to the mid of the celestial sphere, in such a way that the centre of the earth and the slestial sphere are identical. The observer’s view of the sky doesn’t matter, whether the sky’s view of the observer is the cut off position that is spotted by the horizon therfore the horizon is always kept perfect. The next points for reference would be the North Celestial Pole and the South Celestial Pole. If the person is standing at the equator, the pole would be horizontal through the Earth. If the observer is located at one of the poles, then these poles would go from the earth vertically. The north and the south celestial pole would be marked at the intersections. These intersections would be the result of exrtending the earth’s pole out to the celestial sphere. If we are at the southern hemisphere, the south celestial pole would be below the horizon, which makes it to be on the opposite side of the celestial sphere and for northern hemisphere, this situation is inverted. Ans. 9: Ptolemaic Model: The Ptolemaic model describes the obvious movement of the planets in a very direct and a straight way. this apporach is achieved by supposing that each planet of the solar system moves on a small and tiny sphere or circle. This circle is better known as epicycle. This epicycle moved on a larger sphere or circle. This larger sphere is called as a deferent. It was assumed, that the stars move on a celestial sphere around the outside of the planetary spheres. Copernican Model: Copernican Model is better known as the sun centred solar system. This model explained that the true movement of the planets is not in a uniform circular motion, around. Due to this reason, the Copernican model would still need to have those small nad tiny circles on which the planets move, called the epicycles. The main feature of the Copernican model that differs this model from the ptolemaic model was the retrograde loops. These loops of the planets, the way they are seen from the Earth, arise physically as a result of the plantes motion altogether combined with the Earth’s motion. The Ptolemaic model was considered wrong because it was not precise and as the time passed by the predictiopn in the model proved to be worse and worse. Although this model was very good to predict the position of the planets. Rather than having larger epicycles, earth moving around the sun could also explain the retrograde motions of the planets. Ans. 10: The ptolemaic model accounts better for variations in the brightnesses of the various planets with time. The ptolemaic model contains Epicycles. These epicylces are tiny circles on which the planets move. The epicycles were establish to clarify variations in brightness of the planets as compared to the eccentrics. Eccentric circles are the circular paths that are intended to be seen from some internal point moved from the centre of the circle. These circles allow better estimations of the celestial movements. The copernican model doesnot account for the brightness issue because the Planets in the solar system closer to the Sun tend to moved faster rather than the planets which are further away from the sun. This way, at times a planet could be on the similar side of the sun as the earth and this could make them appear brighter and on the other hand, a planet that could be on the opposite side of the sun from the earth will tend to appear dimmer because it was far away. Therefore the ptolemaic model tends to take care the issue of brightness of the planets as it has different circles for all the planets to revolve around. This makes each planet to appear brighter individually. Ans. 15: High tides are the result of the difference between the gravitational pull of the Moon on the either side of the Earth. The Tidal forces gradually slow down the rotation of the Earth. These Tidal forces slowly increase the dimensions of the orbit of the Moon. The level of the sea rises atleast twice a day. This level is divded into 2 parts. When the sea reaches the highest level, it is said to be high tide. The sea is said to be at low tide when it is at its lowest level or somewhere in between the midway to the highest level. the tides of the earth are defined as the deformation of the ocean and also of the Earth. A gravitational pull is exterted by the moon toward the earth. This is done when the moon is pulled on by the earth. As you get away from the moon, the gravitational force applied by the moon or any other object decreases gradually. Theorotically the pull by the moon on the near by side of the earth is about 7% greater. Therefore it can be said that the difference between the earth’s turn in its axis and the high tide is a result of the gravitational pull by the moon. References: Wikibooks (2008). Astronomy. Retrieved September 7, 2008, from http://en. wikibooks. org/wiki/Astronomy

Nestle Food Processing Company Marketing Essay

Nestle Food Processing Company Marketing Essay Nestlà © Pakistan Limited, the Groups principal activities are to manufacture process and sell food products and ancillary equipment. The food products include diary, confectionery and culinary products, coffee and beverage and drinking water. The major brands include MILKPAK UHT, NESTLE EVERYDAY, LACTOGEN and NESCAFE. It operates in Sheikhupura, Kabariwala, Islamabad and Karachi. The Milkpak Sheikhupura factory had commenced operations in 1981 as a producer of UHT milk. By 1988, it had expanded its operation and was also producing butter, cream, ghee. To target the large potential offered by the tea-creaming segment, Nestlà © everyday tea-creamer was launched in 1992, supported by integrated marketing, focused distribution with sampling drives and excellent consumer acceptance, the brand has shown strong growth and holds great promise for the future. Nestlà © Pakistan is proud of its commitment to excellence in product and safety and quality and providing value and services to its consumers. On the social front it is very responsible when it comes to environmentally sound business practices and corporate social responsibility. Nestlà © Pakistan operates in many ways but people products and brands are the main flag bearers of the companys image. Nestlà © Milkpak Ltd. is the market leader in food and beverage industry. They are producing high quality well known brands. The core raw material of Nestlà © Milkpak is milk. Over the last thirteen years the company prime concern has been to improve the quality and volume of milk for UHT processing and for other milk base products. So the company has twenty-five milk collection centres in Pakistan. Nestlà © Pakistans supply chain makes sure that Nestlà © products are available, no matter wherever in Pakistan. Nestlà © integrate processes from the farm to markets, and ensure products are delivered to consumers at the right time, the right cost and in the right quantities. At the Village Milk Collection Centre the farmers milk is poured into aluminium churns. The agent checks the milks freshness and purity, and enters the quantity into the farmers logbook. He takes it to one of Nestlà ©s 1308 Secondary Reception and Cooling Stations, about 2-4 kilometres away. Along with correct cooling, pasteurization is one of the most important processes in the treatment of milk. Temperature and pasteurization time are very important factors which must be specified precisely in relation to the quality of the milk and its shelf life requirements. The pasteurization temperature for homogenized, HTST pasteurized, regular-grade milk is usually 72-75  °C for 15-20 seconds. Nestlà © is the worlds largest food and beverage company in terms of sales. Due to strong brand name product will gain a wide consumer acceptance from all over the Pakistan. The biggest strength would be the strong brand name, the risk in investing would be reasonable be very low. Nestlà © will set a complete transparent manufacturing system for customer satisfaction in terms of hygiene. Nestlà © strengthen their product by broad distribution network by increasing the capacity for innovation which will lead to an improvement in sale growth. Nestlà © will be organising a team which will inspect and observe the accumulation (stock) on daily bases to prevent any damages occurring and also in order to keep the inventory fresh. Nestlà © will make sure that they are not having surprise shortage, weather it is winter or summer no matter what circumstances are. Further strength would be skilled labour, educated staff, large number of offerings and pre-purchase virtual display; arrangement of events, good background of the company, easy to approach outlets and physical evidence. The main weakness of Nestlà © product is the lack of an established good standing. The competitors have been around for decades and therefore have a loyal base. The second biggest weakness would be the lack of capital, establishing such an enormous and gigantic plant there will be a need of acquiring financial support in terms of loans from the bank. Spending millions in a strong brand is no guarantee to wealth. It may the safest way to get into the business, but it is not necessarily the cheapest. Further weakness would be small target market, lack of awareness among the target market and dependency on others like governments and sponsors for the arrangement of events. The biggest opportunity would be considered geographically. Pakistan is situated in an area where have summers most of the time. People love as well as enjoy eating ice-cream in the season. Due to strong brand name in the market, Nestlà © product has a great potential of earning profits. To make the product successful, the company will be utilizing the highest degree of technology in calculating customers satisfaction as well as their feedback. Gaining initial success the next step would be opening a parlour where people can enjoy all the flavour under one roof. Further opportunities would be increasing interest of people ad few and weak competitors. Threats Nestlà © is facing the threats by worldwide community due to its violation of international marketing standards. Many conferences and campaigns have been held against Nestlà © in this regard which can damage the name and trust of its customers. Another threat is due to the increasing popularity of its competitor OLPERS in local and international markets. Further threat would be the major player may enter target market, the legal and ethical issues, market segment growth could attract new entrants and economic slowdown can reduce demand. Stage 3: Strategy Formulation Milkpak will position Nestlà © product as a high quality product consumer focused. Messages like They knows your taste better than us, Nestle Milkpak now at your door step; Add additional flavours to your life will help to portray Nestlà © picture clearly and distinctly. Milkpak will position Nestlà © product against the competitors and gain competitive advantage through the efficient promotional methods, using innovations, and by reaching closer to the target market through the arrangement of events like Basant, Valentine day and etc. In short consumers will view Nestlà © as a product providing highly quality, in terms of taste, customer focused and, at the same time reasonably priced as compared to others. 3.0 Core Competency of Nestlà © To pose Nestlà © product against the competitors, the company will be using differentiation strategy which will not only differentiate their own from others but also give an edge over others. Nestlà © core products will be very beneficial especially in terms of quality, health, and hygiene and most important consumer satisfaction. Nestlà © augmented products will include consumer satisfaction, warranty to retailers in terms of expire, delivery and after sales services. The companies all over the world get some competitive edge based on some features which other companies dont have. For example, as the Dell has the competitive edge over other computer manufacturer companies, because they use built-to-order Strategy while no other company in computer industry use this strategy. Similarly in Pakistan nestle has their competitive edge based on the strategies like product differentiation and customer oriented. Nestlà © is using the product differentiation strategy by providing the superior quality products. Their main focus is to keep the customers loyal. They bought shelve space in different departmental stores to attract the customers. They tried to reach each group of people in which they have succeeded. Besides, customer satisfaction is the focal point for the company. They provide hygienic products to their customers. Products are also verified by health and safety measures and international quality standards.

Essay --

Lawyer Lawyers function mutually as both advocates and advisers. As advocates, they embody their clients in court by providing supportive evidence. As advisers, they advise their clients on their legal rights and obligations. Lawyers (also known as attorneys and counselors) can interpret laws and are to apply these laws to a specific situation. Lawyers spend a large amount of their work time involved in researching precedents, which are past explanations of laws and the history of judicial judgments based on that law. Precedents are used to support a lawyer’s case in court. Every law firm has its’ own libraries and public documents to computer databases and the Internet that are available to lawyers for research. A large amount of lawyers have their own private practices that deal with all kinds of legal problems. Some go off to work for larger law firms, government agencies, and corporations. What attracted me to being a lawyer originally if I could be perfectly honest is the salary that they make. Coming up from a poor background a lawyer was one of the few careers talked about while I was growing up that make a lot of money. But as I got older I found out that there are different types of lawyers like environmental and family lawyers that make less then say a corporate lawyer but are fighting for what is in my opinion good causes. ------------------------------ Famous contributors Thurgood Marshall was the chief legal counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and fought for the rights of color folks and the ending of segregation in schools with the most famous and talked about being Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. President John F. Kennedy selected Thurgood Marshall for... ...ack and take into custody people who break the law and then give them a warning, cite them, or arrest them. Most police officers patrol their jurisdictions and inspect any activity that seems suspicious. They are also responsible for answering 911 emergency calls and investigate cases like domestic violence, home invasion, etc. Uniformed police officers have broad law enforcement responsibilities. They wear a uniform that is easily recognizable by the public. They respond to emergency calls and go for regular patrols. Police departments are typically structured into geographical boroughs, with uniformed officers dispersed to patrol a particular area. Officers in large agencies regularly patrol with a partner. During patrols, officers are on the lookout for any signs of criminal activity and are always on the ready to conduct searches or arrest suspected criminals.

Computer Input and Output

Other data is originally recorded in a form that is acceptable to the computer L] Magnetic ink character recognition (MICE) C] Optical character recognition (OCCUR) This approach is called SOURCE DATA AUTOMATION third basic way to enter data into the computer is to key it into an online key driven device. CIA fourth option permits data input in audible form, using a voice recognition unit. Input Options Source data Key to tape Machine Computer readable data OCCUR docs MICE Keyboard Terminals MICE, OCCUR units Card, tape, disk Units Chain Nell Voice Recognition CPU Output offers similar options.Information or data can be recorded on a permanent medium, such as paper, microfilm, or punched cards, or the information can be displayed on a television like screen or resented audibly. OUTPUT options Chain Nell print information Termini al Display Plot Computer Output Microfilm Microfilm Microfilm Im printer Card punch Unit Punch Cards Viewer Channels and Control Snits The control unit conta ins the logic circuitry and storage needed for the control of multiple 1/0 devices. The channel contains the logic circuitry and storage needed to monitor several 1/0 device control units and provide pathways to and from the CPU.Role of Channels and Control Control Units High Speed Control unit Low Speed Jinni 1/0 Devices Channels and Control Units The transfer of data between the 1/0 unit, he control unit, and the channel is serial, or one byte at a time. When this operation is performed, the CPU can process other data in primary storage. The CHIP halts processing just long enough to enter the data from the channel. The interruption of the program in process is very brief because all of the bytes from the channel are transmitted to primary storage at once-?in parallel. The transfer of data from primary storage to an 1/0 unit works in the reverse sequence.Smaller computers have only one channel; larger systems have many. Importance of the channels: 0 Easy to overlook, but without th em CPU reference would be drastically reduced. C] The channel hardware and the operating system permit the multiprogramming that maximizes computer productivity. Without channels, there COUld be no time sharing or distributed processing, and batch processing would extremely slow and costly. SKYDIVER INPUT DEVICES Offline Skydiver Devices The most common input device was the keypunch machine. CLC The first key-to-tape and key-to-disk units used conventional magnetic tape reels and hard disks.Offline skydiver Machines Keypunch disk Punch Cards co Zion magnetic Tape Cassette Hard disk Floppy disk Reader Magnet ICC tape Cassette et ICC disk Floppy disk Magnetic tape cassette Contains 285 Ft. Of polyester. Data can be recorded at the density of 800 bytes per inch. Capacity: approximately 2000 punched cards. Floppy Disk Sizes: 5 1/4 inches and 8 inches in diameter. Capacity: 2000-8000 punched cards. KEYED MEDIA INPUT UNITS Card-reading and punching 0 Card reading speeds of 2000 per minute are not uncommon, but punching speeds are in the range of 100-250 per minute.C] Punched cards are used as turned around documents. Punched cards are also used to track materials as they flow through a plant or a distribution network. Floppy disk, Cassette, and Cartridge readers CLC Cassette, and Cartridge readers tapes are produced as a by-product of another operation Online skydiver devices TWO basic types of keyboard terminal: Displays output on a CRT C] Prints output on continuous paper form. Online skydiver devices CRT terminal- also called an ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY TERMINAL and a VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL, is all – electronic, noiseless, and economical.C] Can display information very rapidly, filling the screen with characters much faster than the characters can be printed on the paper. Special features: CLC Color C] Reverse video 0 Blinking CLC Cursor L] Scrolling C] Paging C] Protected format Hard copy terminal – also known as TELEPROMPTER TERMINAL, is a terminal wi th paper output TWO basic categories of hardcopy terminal: C] Impact -? causes a print â€Å"hammer† to strike the paper to form the character Monomaniac – causes characters to be printed by means of some chemical or heat process, or by spraying the characters on the paper from an ink jet.

Free Essays on Financial Management

Table of Content NPV Method †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 03 Payback Method †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 05 Average Accounting Return †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 06 Internal rate of return †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 07 Answer # 2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 09 Answer #1 a) NPV Method Technique for analyzing capital investment projects are known as Net Present Value (NPV). A project’s net present value is the amount by which the project is expected to increase the wealth of the firm’s current shareholders. Net present value techniques involve projections of future volume and value increases and calculations of present value based on the cost of investing ones capital in the given periods of time. A dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future, because inflation erodes the buying power of the future money, while money available today can be invested and grow. The Discount Rate is the rate of return which could be obtained if the initial outlay were invested on the money market. Since the discount rate reflects the future value of money, it typically has two components: an adjustment for inflation, and a risk-adjusted return on the use of the money. Since market forces typically incorporate inflation adjustments into investment returns and borrowing costs, often the discount rate is keyed to a standard reference rate. Some Advantages and disadvantages are:- Advantages:- It will give the correct decision advice assuming a perfect capital market. It also gives correct ranking for mutually exclusive projects unlike the IRR. NPV gives an absolute value NPV allows for the timing of the cash flows Disadvantages: Calculating NPV is difficult, in part, because it isn't clear what discount rate should be used, nor is it clear how to project future changes in the discount rate.. NPV, of all the 4 methods of Investment appraisal, requires the decision criteria to be specif... Free Essays on Financial Management Free Essays on Financial Management Table of Content NPV Method †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 03 Payback Method †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 05 Average Accounting Return †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 06 Internal rate of return †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 07 Answer # 2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 09 Answer #1 a) NPV Method Technique for analyzing capital investment projects are known as Net Present Value (NPV). A project’s net present value is the amount by which the project is expected to increase the wealth of the firm’s current shareholders. Net present value techniques involve projections of future volume and value increases and calculations of present value based on the cost of investing ones capital in the given periods of time. A dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future, because inflation erodes the buying power of the future money, while money available today can be invested and grow. The Discount Rate is the rate of return which could be obtained if the initial outlay were invested on the money market. Since the discount rate reflects the future value of money, it typically has two components: an adjustment for inflation, and a risk-adjusted return on the use of the money. Since market forces typically incorporate inflation adjustments into investment returns and borrowing costs, often the discount rate is keyed to a standard reference rate. Some Advantages and disadvantages are:- Advantages:- It will give the correct decision advice assuming a perfect capital market. It also gives correct ranking for mutually exclusive projects unlike the IRR. NPV gives an absolute value NPV allows for the timing of the cash flows Disadvantages: Calculating NPV is difficult, in part, because it isn't clear what discount rate should be used, nor is it clear how to project future changes in the discount rate.. NPV, of all the 4 methods of Investment appraisal, requires the decision criteria to be specif...

Overview of Labor Unions essays

Overview of Labor Unions essays What do you think of when you hear the phrase "labor unions?" Most people associate a negative connotation with labor unions. They think that labor unions are the only cause of strikes and work stoppages. Most think that people in unions are greedy and will do anything to get more money. Others swear by their unions, saying that their employers would take advantage of them if they didn't organize their unions. However as we prepare to enter the new millennium, labor unions are decreasing in size. Lets look at some of reasons. First, the numbers are unmistakable. At the end of 1997, when the most recent count was made, only 14.1% of workers belonged to unions, the lowest percentage since 1936 (Gross 23). This is a dramatic decrease from when unions were at their height at the end of World War II when 35.3% of Americans were in unions (Galenson 13). One cause of this fall of union membership is the decline of manufacturing in America and the transfer of much manufacturing work overseas (Gross 24). Because of advances in technology and labor saving innovations, fewer people are required to make steel and assembler automobiles. As a result, only 16.1% of U.S. workers now work in factories, down from 22.8% twenty years ago (Aronowitz 2). There has also been a decrease in size of the large corporations, which in the past usually signed industry-wide contracts to produce a particular item. The latest figures show that the 800 largest firms employed 17% of the total workforce, down from 25.7% twenty years ago (Aronowitz 3). Many of these companies have their work done abroad. Nike does not make a single shoe in the United States and many insurance companies are having paperwork processed overseas (Hacker 45). At home corporate jobs are frequently assigned to temporary workers, who are often classified as "independent contractors" and are not very likely to join unions. Indeed, there are fewer long-term jobs, something union seni...

Five Guys Burgers

Five Guys Burgers Company history and products offering The Five Guys Company was established in 1986 as a family-operated business in Arlington, Virginia. The initial focus of the company was to serve the best burgers around Washington, D.C. As the popularity of the company increased and business flourished, it expanded to other major cities in the United State and Canada.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Five Guys Burgers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the same time, Five Guys expanded their products portfolio and included other fast food meals. This was intended to cater for the differing needs of the growing number of customers as well as enhancing the competitive advantage. Due to extensive franchising that had begun in 2002, the company presently operates over 900 franchise outlets in the United States and Canada. Across all the Five Guys locations, there are five common product lines that appear on the menus namely: bu rgers, dogs, sandwiches, fries and drinks. Each of these product lines may carry a range of three to eight product varieties. The burger product line is the oldest line and the major focus of the company as it reflects the quality trademark that is sold across the American market. Products offered under the burger product line include hamburger, cheeseburger, bacon burger, bacon cheeseburger, little hamburger, littler cheeseburger, little bacon burger and little bacon cheeseburger (Five Guys, 2010). Within this product line, the cheeseburger is the most popular product and comprises of about 90% of the total burger sales. Reasons for buying from Five Guys For a very long time, Five Guys brand has been commended on their aptitude to avoid being recognized as a fast food restaurant and promising that the customers are getting quality products all the time, at any restaurant. The quality control that they preach is evident in their preparation procedures. Indeed, the aptitude of the co mpany is available in all parts of the United States, no matter where the customers are, with any product they would like. Customers cannot get the double patty usually known as the New Yorker with all toppings offered for free at McDonalds. Yet, they can have it their own way at any of the Five Guys locations stacked with mushrooms, fried onions and steak source if they like. In addition, there are over 250,000 ways in which a customer can order a burger at the company. Customers can trust the company that quality will be maintained and the orders delivered contain foods that are never frozen but cooled.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cheeseburger which is the core product of the company has specific features and benefits that echo in the minds of many customers around United States. Indeed, the launching of the cheeseburger in Houston caused a major loc al buzz as eager consumers tried the burger, with the First Lady stating publicly that the brand was her preferred burger treat (GRM TX, Inc., 2009). The cheeseburger contains 100% fresh beef with no fillers or preservatives, providing the greatest health advantage to the consumers. The burger is served with as many free toppings as a customer would wish to have. It also comes in different sizes which range from 265 grams for cheeseburger to 317 grams for bacon cheeseburger. While the little cheeseburger is served with one patty, the regular one is served with two. The necessary nutrition elements such as calories, fat, cholesterol, sodium, fiber and protein are maintained at an acceptable level. On average, there are about 840 calories in a single burger serving which is quite normal, but the high fat and sodium content could be a health issue for the company and a market disadvantage in future. Quality control procedure As noted earlier, maintaining the best quality is the priorit y and focus of Five Guys. The company has always preached quality control. Their burns are toasted on a grill. Indeed, a burn toaster is quicker and the toasts produced are more even, although, it does not provide the caramelized taste. The beef used for their cheeseburgers is 80 percent lean, never put in a freezer and all burgers are handmade. The quality of the production process as well as the final products is observed in all locations. At each site, food preparation is exactly the same in order for the customers to get dependable, high quality meals. For instance, all of the bread used in all locations is made from a particular recipe and ordered from the same supplier. Other raw materials such as potatoes and lettuce are also bought from the same farms. In addition, all the staffs are required to go through the same training in regard to food preparation before any assignment is disbursed. Through these manufacturing activities, Five Guys has been able to powerfully control t he quality of its products across all the 900 locations. In addition to that, quality control is ensured at the company through secret buyers who are sent by the management to all restaurants twice a week. These shoppers taste various products at different times noting down the extent to which the franchisees deviate from the rule.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Five Guys Burgers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The brothers or founders also visit the locations frequently to ensure that quality is maintained. In case of severe cases regarding to poor quality and service, the franchisee may lose the contract. However, due to the strong brand name, all franchisees have maintained high quality standards which have led to good overall performance of the company. Analyzing the market share through a questionnaire Do you prefer Five Guys to other fast food restaurants? Why or Why not? According to you, is Five Guys the most popular fast food restaurant for the Americans? Why? Given a 5-point scale where 5 stand for best and 1 for worst in that order, where would you place Five Guys in regard to performance? In regard to age, which group do you think is best represented by Five Guys’ customers? Do men visit the Five Guys restaurants more frequently than women? Why or Why not? Do you think that these customers are there on their first time, second time or on one of their frequent visits? What do you think is the most attractive aspect of the company? Do you think their functions and products reflect what they claim to be? The Five Guys cheeseburger is the most popular products offered by the company. Do you agree with the statement or not? Why? Why would you go for Five Guys cheeseburger instead of the McDonald or other fast food chain? Do you think the cheeseburger offered in the company has the health benefits sort by consumers? Where did you learn about the burger or when did you hear about the product? Do you think the communication channel used by the company is effective? If no, which one would you suggest to be appropriate? Why? In general, do you think the cheeseburger sale is currently performing at its best or can be improved? Marketing strategies In essence, the marketing strategies for Five Guys have not concentrated much on advertising. The company has invested in a comprehensive secret shoppers program. In this program, the restaurant staffs receive generous rewards by getting information from secret shoppers. In fact, the firm budgeted for $8 million investment in secret shoppers program in 2009 (York, 2009). This marketing on shoppers’ bonuses has been the major barrier to adopt conventional advertisements. However, Five Guys engage in some form of advertising. For instance, they have been identified to use five prints adverts, interactive adverts for their website and fan boards for guerilla marketing reasons. These kinds of marketing strat egies are usually implemented in form of a marketing campaign. Sales trend Since 2002 when Five Guys entered the franchising business, their sales have grown tremendously. As more stores are opened in untapped markets, sales climb accordingly. In 2010, the company indicated the highest growth of 70.31% for its burger (Journalistic Inc., 2012). This was more than triple its closest competitor with 21% growth in sandwich sales. In 2011, the company sales rose by 34.7% according to a report by Techncomic, an industry consultant. Future sales are expected to increase as new restaurants are franchised and more product launches are implemented. Five Guys commercial analysis Most of the commercials created by Five Guys emphasize on the quality and uniqueness of their cheeseburger. In the commercial â€Å"Jeeves, I’m Hungry†, the concept of Five Guys is revealed. This commercial shows that price is not as important as the quality provided by the company. Five Guys cheeseburger is for those consumers who seek to remain healthy and active. The commercial is targeted for young upcoming consumers who are vulnerable to poor health conditions. It tends to show to consumers that many burgers are just at their doorsteps and what is important is to identify which is Five Guys’ cheeseburger and ultimately make a healthy living. Unfortunately, the setting of the commercial appeals to only those who can afford the plush living. It fails to demonstrate the restaurant experience that is more relevant to the company’s franchising business. Consumers do not only need the quality products, but a good service to accompany and fulfill the quality aspect.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The analysis of Five Guys indicates that the company has been performing better than other competitors, yet the cheeseburger as the core product shows some weaknesses concerning health effects. The firm should reduce fat and sodium content to meet the 30% limit for healthy consumption. Since this idea of poor health state is widespread, the change must be communicated through various media channels such as internet, print, radio and television to accommodate all potential consumers. This is justified by the fact that Five Guys is expanding and different consumers with different preferences are being targeted by individual franchisees. If the company shows commitment to healthy living, then the threat posed by organic food providers will be neutralized. References Five Guys. (2010). Five Guys burgers and fries. Web. Global Reality and Management TX, Inc. (2009). Five Guys Burger and Fries to open Katy, Texas location in global reality’s Westgate marketplace. Web. Jo urnalistic Inc. (2012). The top 50 brands in the nation ranked by sales. Web. York, E. B. (2009). Five Guys: an America’s hottest brands case study. AdvertisingAge. Web.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

Assignment - Essay Example This gave me more chances to listen to other songs and become more critical about music. Moreover, my readings enabled me understand deeper what have been discussed and to discover other materials that are helpful in understanding harmony, melody and rhythm. I also learned to listen more carefully and become more observant about instrumentation. For instance, when I listen to a song, I try to identify the instruments used without looking at the performers. In this manner, I also learned to distinguish what instruments are vital and what could be a good combination of instruments that could be used to create beautiful melodies. I learned to become more observant not only in the music that I listen to but also on how musicians perform. Movements indeed are essential as it has been observed in most successful performers because body movements help to relate the message of the song to the listeners. Today, I am not just able to enjoy music but I also have the confidence to attempt to cre ate my own music with the understanding I have gained in the

Office Art Memo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Office Art Memo - Research Paper Example From this paper it is clear that  the impressionist paintings include: A Matador, Young Woman with Ibis, and View of Vetheuil. ‘A Matador' impressionist art has color painted side by side with a little mixing, and it has a strongly colored ground. It was made by French, Edouard Manet. The ‘View of Vetheuil’ impressionist art was created in the year 1880 by Claude Monet, from France. The artwork also has a more vivid color with a light colored background. Besides, the painting is out- door with the shadowy effects detailed. On the other hand, the ‘Young Woman with Ibis’ impressionist work was an out- door painting and had no use of black color. The painting was made by a French woman, Edgar Degas, who was an impressionist. It was made in the year 1860 to 1862 and had an emphasis on natural light. The colors in the painting are placed side by side with no mixing.This discussion stresses that  there are several post-impressionist paintings and they in clude ‘Still Life with Teapot and Fruit’, ‘Tahitian Faces: Frontal Views and Profiles’, and ‘Road in Etten.’   Ã¢â‚¬ËœStill Life with Teapot and Fruit’ is non- naturalistic, even though simplified, and a trait that defies the principles of impressionist art. It has flowers hanging on their own without obeying the force of gravity. The artwork also has flat patches in bold colors, esoteric symbolism, and decorative line. Paul Gauguin, a renowned post- impressionist, made the artwork.

Environmental project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental project - Essay Example Sustainability of the project is among the greatest challenges toward implementation of the entire canopy walkway facility in the short run and long run (Schowalter & Jerry 2012, p. 4). The positive and negative effects of the project to the environment are critical to execution. A canopy walkway would help pedestrians, researchers and tourists with uncomplicated access to the canopy of the Tropical Forest biome. Construction of walkway bridges supported by cables and pathways that do not require researchers’ physical efforts are some of the key tasks. Generally, researchers for a long time have relied on rope climbing techniques (Schowalter & Jerry 2012, p. 4). The economic benefits of a canopy walkway are the main motivating factors to its implementation. The walkway will also provide opportunity for further education alongside opening up avenues for local community participation. However, the project must adhere to the laid down procedures of environmental management as wel l as forest conservation bodies (Schowalter & Jerry 2012, p. 4). 2.0 Overview of Environmental Impacts The canopy walkway will generate array of challenges to the environment as well as the local inhabitants. The walkway will cause damages to trees and canopy. Such damages would be detrimental to long-term goal, which is to step up forest conservation and other natural resources within the locality and the Tropical region at large (Zeppel 2006, p. 220). In addition, the canopy walkway will interfere with the habitats of various animals. Birds together with animals that live on top of large trees would lose their habitat to construction processes. Therefore, birds of different species will perish or migrate during construction work. Tourist activities and construction process might lead to air and soil pollution. For instance, tourist might careless dispose food items, plastic materials and chemicals substances thereby causing pollution to the soil. Similarly, these food substances c ontribute to air pollution upon decomposition. Furthermore, the canopy walkway might contribute to an alteration of the relationships that previous existed between competing species (Zeppel 2006, p. 220). For example, destruction of trees to give way for construction work and certain feeding habits. Careless damping of injurious items, chemicals, and bridge constructions may cause significant decrease in biomass and contribute to mechanical damages to the vegetation. 3.0 Environmental Benefits of Project Canopy walkway project has significant benefits to the environment as well as local community. Revenues obtained from tourists could be used to facilitate conservation of the area. Since canopy walkways are constructed high above the ground, they spare several animals their habitat against probable destruction if roads or pathways were to be constructed within the forested zone in place of canopy walkways (Buckley 2009, p. 117). Moreover, people who visit the walkway carry new ideas that help influence their own lives and lives of people in their home states or countries. Thus, environmental conservation would become a universal requirement or necessity nationally and globally. Bringing local and foreign tourists to the area will positively influence environmental conservation processes and procedures alongside contributing to economic development (Buckley 2009, p. 117). The local community through its environment management organization will use funds obtained from tourism to enhance awareness creation and responsiveness to conserve Mother Nature and other inherent resources. Passing over the canopy is not only a memorable experience but also a challenge

Cold War and the Los Angeles area Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cold War and the Los Angeles area - Essay Example International sports sometimes need political support and this factor is exploited too, which was seen in the Cold war. President Carter concluded that such ban on sports would not create any benefit but on the part of athletes’, their career would be affected. This movement was well attuned to international politics, and the governments had access to the power. Joining of Russia in the Olympic movement politicized the games. Particularly, it is stated that to wage propaganda the U.S. government controlling the Olympic Games carried on this campaign against communism during Cold War. (Hill) The Los Angeles games of 1984 will be remembered greatly, as it showed the execution of super political power and it showed a significant impact on the domestic Olympics of the season. The games displayed the shift of powers from the IOC. Due to the Cold War, the strain between the countries allied with the super powers increased. Both the countries (West Germany and East Germany) were asked to participate as one team but the offer was declined by East Germany. (Rider) Such disagreement of countries allied with super powers continued for a long time and the athletes suffered. These games were sharply politicized on the other hand they were commercial as the taxpayers used it and refused to pay funds and exploited the games by all means. (Hill) The city holds an especial place in the heart of all Americans. It is called the hub of entertainment, leisure, culture films and many more. It contributes to the US economy by drawing in income from the sale of cultural products across the globe. For 40 year Los Angeles had advanced strategic-projects including Bomber projects, space projects, missiles and advance electronic communication. But in the late in 1980s Los Angeles faced sudden reverse in the flow of income. Due to the cold

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Assignment 2 - Essay Example Yet, the actual experience of smelling a rose cannot merely be contained and explained through this comprehensive body of information. This in essence is the Qualia problem. Jackson illustrates the inadequacy of physicalism through couple of examples. He uses the ‘knowledge argument’ in describing the case of the exceptionally sighted Fred. Fred actually sees two colors within the conventional red spectrum. In other words, just as a normal human eye can distinguish between yellow and blue clearly and consistently, Fred is able to identify two colors within red – red1 and red2. The nomenclature contains ‘red’ as a common term, but it does not mean Fred sees two shades of red. To him the two are as distinct as yellow and blue are for a normal human being. This much is a brief account of the physical facts of the phenomenon. But crucially, it is a poor substitute for what it is to experience those two different colors. Even the analogy of yellow and blue give a conceptual understanding but no clue as to what the two reds might look like. This is the major shortcoming of physicalism and hence the introduction of qualia into the discussion. I totally agree with Jackson’s emphasis on qualia and its centrality to discussing sensory experience. Physicalism, though, has its utility, in that, it helps document and describe sensory phenomena for scholarly analysis. But it is ultimately limited in capturing the real experience as and when it occurs to a human subject. In my view modern psychology could benefit by incorporating qualia into its therapeutic models. It is widely understood that psychological states like depression and anxiety have their origins in perception. Two different people perceive the same sort of event in two different ways. Their reaction to these events is in turn dictated by their perception. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is aimed toward rectifying the patient’s distorted perceptions of self, others, circumstances and the

Banner advocating on the Internet Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Banner advocating on the Internet - Thesis Example In this essence,this study suggested and empirically checked a form to study the consequences proficiency of the ratio of Internet users to Web advertising.The outcomes displayed that users of high communal avoidance motivation to perform a favorable mind-set in the direction of online advocatingBecause of the insight of amusement users with the proficiency to perform Internet favorable mind-set in the direction of online advocating due to the seen data content, and users with the motivation to shop a high affirmative mind-set in the direction of Internet advertising, both for amusement and data content of seen perceived. Purpose Advertising is paid, if not individual connection promoter recognized utilizing mass newspapers to convince or leverage an audience. Ads comprise of a large number of choices, which encompass advocating, public relatives, merchandise position, sponsorship, subscriptions and sales. All productive entails likely is utilized to consign these messages: TV, wirel ess, videos, publications, bulletins, Internet and billboards. Significance Estimates of Web users proceed from 9 to 35 million persons in the United States. Internet and a mesh of interconnected computers www permit electrical devices transmission of data, encompassing advertising. Millions of persons round the world have get access to the Internet and www. Thousands of advertisers are rotating to the Internet as a promise entails to encourage their emblems and sales transactions. Interactive advocating is characterized as including all types of newspapers that permit the client (which is no longer a "receptor" in the customary form of passive connection) to command the allowance and pace of data that he or she would like to buy financial interests. The client can select to spend one second or 15 minutes to post. The second demand happens when the button is banged, the client and source of enterprise data engaged and take back the exchange of data describing, other than dispatching and obtaining (p.394). Interactivity is a key device world broad web devices, online advocating, it disagrees from customary advertising. Phillips (2011 395-4) utilized six pieces to work out the interactivity of: (a) the complexity of alternatives accessible, (b) the number of users expanded, (c) assessing the reactivity of the university scholar (i) the proficiency to use supervising facts and numbers, (e) alleviate of supplementing data, and (e) the proficiency to help interpersonal communication. Goolsbee (2000 561–76) characterises interactivity as the span to which users can take part in altering the pattern and content of the mediated natural environment in genuine time. The share of online advocating rises spectacularly every day. Internet advocating incomes extend to augment at an unprecedented stride, with a 36% boost in the first half of 2006. The first six months of 2006 strike $ 7.9 billion and Q2 (quarter) passes $ 4 billion. 2 quarter 2006 profits comprise a b oost of 5, 5% in 1st quarter of 2006. Search for suppliers seeking to find a procedure of estimation and evaluation, which would permit the trading with the data they require about customers. In 1996, advertisers are encouraging websites utilizing customary media. Now online advocating is a multimedia world. Banners emerge in its own browser window, your advertisements emerge on the computer display before the sheet completed stacking, advocating cut off the online sport and other interactions, and the pictures are alike to TV advertising. Internet advocating is evolving more varied as the sites to rendezvous the more customary advertisers, "and gaze for modes to better rendezvous the desires of advertisers. Using the Internet as Medium The Internet has become a warm new market space. It is rather clear that advertisers can not disregard this medium. Over 50% of the American community, or 165 million persons had Internet get access to at dwelling, in July 2001. Similarly, the

Cold War and the Los Angeles area Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cold War and the Los Angeles area - Essay Example International sports sometimes need political support and this factor is exploited too, which was seen in the Cold war. President Carter concluded that such ban on sports would not create any benefit but on the part of athletes’, their career would be affected. This movement was well attuned to international politics, and the governments had access to the power. Joining of Russia in the Olympic movement politicized the games. Particularly, it is stated that to wage propaganda the U.S. government controlling the Olympic Games carried on this campaign against communism during Cold War. (Hill) The Los Angeles games of 1984 will be remembered greatly, as it showed the execution of super political power and it showed a significant impact on the domestic Olympics of the season. The games displayed the shift of powers from the IOC. Due to the Cold War, the strain between the countries allied with the super powers increased. Both the countries (West Germany and East Germany) were asked to participate as one team but the offer was declined by East Germany. (Rider) Such disagreement of countries allied with super powers continued for a long time and the athletes suffered. These games were sharply politicized on the other hand they were commercial as the taxpayers used it and refused to pay funds and exploited the games by all means. (Hill) The city holds an especial place in the heart of all Americans. It is called the hub of entertainment, leisure, culture films and many more. It contributes to the US economy by drawing in income from the sale of cultural products across the globe. For 40 year Los Angeles had advanced strategic-projects including Bomber projects, space projects, missiles and advance electronic communication. But in the late in 1980s Los Angeles faced sudden reverse in the flow of income. Due to the cold

Banner advocating on the Internet Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Banner advocating on the Internet - Thesis Example In this essence,this study suggested and empirically checked a form to study the consequences proficiency of the ratio of Internet users to Web advertising.The outcomes displayed that users of high communal avoidance motivation to perform a favorable mind-set in the direction of online advocatingBecause of the insight of amusement users with the proficiency to perform Internet favorable mind-set in the direction of online advocating due to the seen data content, and users with the motivation to shop a high affirmative mind-set in the direction of Internet advertising, both for amusement and data content of seen perceived. Purpose Advertising is paid, if not individual connection promoter recognized utilizing mass newspapers to convince or leverage an audience. Ads comprise of a large number of choices, which encompass advocating, public relatives, merchandise position, sponsorship, subscriptions and sales. All productive entails likely is utilized to consign these messages: TV, wirel ess, videos, publications, bulletins, Internet and billboards. Significance Estimates of Web users proceed from 9 to 35 million persons in the United States. Internet and a mesh of interconnected computers www permit electrical devices transmission of data, encompassing advertising. Millions of persons round the world have get access to the Internet and www. Thousands of advertisers are rotating to the Internet as a promise entails to encourage their emblems and sales transactions. Interactive advocating is characterized as including all types of newspapers that permit the client (which is no longer a "receptor" in the customary form of passive connection) to command the allowance and pace of data that he or she would like to buy financial interests. The client can select to spend one second or 15 minutes to post. The second demand happens when the button is banged, the client and source of enterprise data engaged and take back the exchange of data describing, other than dispatching and obtaining (p.394). Interactivity is a key device world broad web devices, online advocating, it disagrees from customary advertising. Phillips (2011 395-4) utilized six pieces to work out the interactivity of: (a) the complexity of alternatives accessible, (b) the number of users expanded, (c) assessing the reactivity of the university scholar (i) the proficiency to use supervising facts and numbers, (e) alleviate of supplementing data, and (e) the proficiency to help interpersonal communication. Goolsbee (2000 561–76) characterises interactivity as the span to which users can take part in altering the pattern and content of the mediated natural environment in genuine time. The share of online advocating rises spectacularly every day. Internet advocating incomes extend to augment at an unprecedented stride, with a 36% boost in the first half of 2006. The first six months of 2006 strike $ 7.9 billion and Q2 (quarter) passes $ 4 billion. 2 quarter 2006 profits comprise a b oost of 5, 5% in 1st quarter of 2006. Search for suppliers seeking to find a procedure of estimation and evaluation, which would permit the trading with the data they require about customers. In 1996, advertisers are encouraging websites utilizing customary media. Now online advocating is a multimedia world. Banners emerge in its own browser window, your advertisements emerge on the computer display before the sheet completed stacking, advocating cut off the online sport and other interactions, and the pictures are alike to TV advertising. Internet advocating is evolving more varied as the sites to rendezvous the more customary advertisers, "and gaze for modes to better rendezvous the desires of advertisers. Using the Internet as Medium The Internet has become a warm new market space. It is rather clear that advertisers can not disregard this medium. Over 50% of the American community, or 165 million persons had Internet get access to at dwelling, in July 2001. Similarly, the

Measuring and Managing Customer Relationships Essay Example for Free

Measuring and Managing Customer Relationships Essay Some companies have highly sophisticated analytic systems that allow them to estimate these parameters based on the demographic characteristics of a potential or newly-acquired customer. The analytics help guide the companies’ promotion strategies and campaigns to attract customers with the highest expected lifetime value. For example, RBC Financial Group in Canada uses an analytic model of a customer’s future profitability based on age, tenure with the bank, number of products and services already used at the bank, and the customer’s potential to purchase additional products and services, grow account balances, and generate fee-based income. 1 The bank assigns a personal account representative to its estimated high lifetime value customers, ensures that their phone calls get picked up quickly, and provides them with ready access to credit at attractive terms. 6-31The net promoter score is likely to have the greatest predictive power for repeat purchases and growth in business-to-customer settings where customers have frequent interactions with companies. The score is likely to have the least predictive power in business-to-business settings where purchasing decisions are made by highly sophisticated professionals. In this case, it is better to ask, â€Å"How likely is it that you will continue to purchases products or services from Company X? † CASES 6-32The responses below are based on â€Å"Survival Strategies: After Cost Cutting, Companies Turn Toward Price Increases,† by Timothy Aeppel, The Wall Street Journal (September 18, 2002, p. A1). (a)Jergens’ president based the price on what he determined to be the cost of producing the order of 10 odd-sized fasteners from scratch. The cost included setup for the odd size and overtime labor. The company actually produced the odd-sized fasteners by producing full-size fasteners and then shortening 10. This method was less costly than setting up the equipment to run a small batch of the required odd size. (b)Goodyear had been rewarding its sales force based on volume, providing an incentive for the sales force to deeply discount prices to large distributors. The discounts were so substantial that the large distributors could resell the tires to smaller distributors (even with transportation costs to other regions), reducing Goodyear’s sales at higher prices to smaller distributors. Goodyear responded by cutting the discounts to large distributors, removing discount approval authority from the sales force and transferring it to a â€Å"tactical pricing group† that determines whether Goodyear can profitably match a competitor’s prices. Goodyear also modified its sales force bonus scheme to include a â€Å"revenue per tire† metric. (c)Emerson discovered that customers were willing to pay about 20% more than Emerson’s initially proposed cost-based price of $2,650 for a new compact sensor. Emerson priced the sensor at $3,150. Note that the article does not provide information on how Emerson determined product costs that it used as a basis for its markups. A traditional cost system is more likely to undercost a low-volume or customized product because it allocates manufacturing support costs to products based on unit-level drivers. An activity-based costing system more accurately assigns costs based on resource usage. (d)Wildeck, â€Å"a maker of metal guard rails, mezzanines and material lifts for factories and warehouses,† promoted packages that included installing its products. The installations bring higher profit than parts catalog sales. Wildeck responded to a competitor’s lower-priced storage-rack protector by developing its own â€Å"lite† version and pricing it much lower than the competitor’s price. When customers called about purchasing the lite version, they were informed of the benefits of the original version, and most of these customers bought the original version. An accurate costing system, such as a good activity-based costing system that includes both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing costs of providing goods and services to customers, provides reasonably precise information to managers for making decisions about the mix of products and services to offer to customers and prices to charge in order to generate the desired level of profitability. (e)Union Pacific introduced a minimum price that was higher than a third of its customers paid. The company was not concerned if it lost these customers because customers who were paying higher prices would fill up the newly free space. Dropping unprofitable customers will not lead to an immediate increase in profit if the associated capacity-related costs are committed costs and the resources cannot be put to other profitable use.

Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)

Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Spectral analysis, thermal behavior, XRD and morphology study in synthesis of carbon nanotubes decorated by Cysteamine Or A simple and efficient procedure for synthesis of Thiolic Composite with use Oxide Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Or A simple and efficient procedure for synthesis of composite thiol with use oxide multi walled carbon nanotube and sulfur Or Behnam Maazinejad, Hamidreza Sadegh, Imran Ali, Ramin Shahryari Ghoshekandi, Vahid Ali Abstract In this paper, the effects of multi-Walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied as supports for the synthesis of MWCNT-COOH-Cysteamine nanocomposite. At first Purification MWCNT in H2SO4 and HNO3, solved and the solution earned ultrasound was to attain the equilibrium temperature to functionalization of carboxylate multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH). Then using Cysteamine hydrochloride and NHS and DMF and EDC and MWCNT-COOH the mixture was refluxing. The prepared on thiol derivatized nanocomposite were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, FTIR spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Keywords MWCNTs, Carbon nanotubes, Functionalization, Cysteamine, Surface modification, Nanocomposite, Thiol, CNT 1. Introduction Nanotechnology is significantly impressive Science and Economy in the 21st century [1]. Carbon, in different forms, has been long used as the main constituent material of solid electrodes as a further too metal electrodes [2]. After the first Iijima elucidation of their structures in 1991 [3], carbon nanotubes have attracted considerable interdisciplinary interest [4]. Carbon nanotubes are promising additives for thermoplastics, due to their superior mechanical, thermal, magnetic and electrical properties [5]. To optimize the potential applications of carbon nanotubes, it is essential to modify the carbon nanotubes with functional groups and/or nanoparticles in order to integrate the carbon nanotubes into desired structures or attach suitable nanostructures to them [6]. Carbon nanotubes possess high flexibility, large aspect ratios (Normally >1000), unique internal structures, electrical conductivity, high chemical activity, low mass density, high electro active surface area, thermal stability and great mechanical strength [7]. CNTs have extraordinary electrical conductivity and heat conductivity and mechanical properties, they are probably the top electron field-emitter possible, and their material properties can accordingly approach closely the very high levels intrinsic to them [8]. Hence, CNT’s have received considerable attention for usage in chemistry and environmental remediation [9]. CNTs represent an exquisite class of nanomaterials that stepped into the nanomedicine arena not more than a decade behind [10]. The two main types of carbon nanotubes are the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), yet there are some other rare types such as fullerite, torus, and nanoknot [11]. Surface functional groups can modify the surface charge, functionality and reactivity of the surface, and increase the stability, and dispensability of Different materials [12-13]. Organic sulfur compounds are wide-spreading in numerous natural products and widely used as multiple artificial chemicals [14]. The structure and surface chemistry of organic thin films is a research region related to several interfacial processes, including biological events, lubrication, adhesion, wettability, corrosion, electrochemistry, and microelectronic fabrication. To acquire the optimum performance of a material or device in one of these applications, the organic thin film must be prepared with the right type, concentration, and arrangement of functional handle. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes is found to be an efficient way of modification processes which in public is divided in two main categories: noncovalent and covalent. Covalent functionalization is an irretrievable process of appendag e on the nanotube walls or tips it is based on the formation of a covalent coupling between functional entities and the carbon skeleton of nanotubes. Non-covalent functionalization is based on supramolecular complexation using different adsorption forces, such as van der Waals, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic force and Ï€-Ï€ stacking interactions. [57.15-55-56]. Thiols are the maximum reactive nucleophilic reagents among altogether the biological models investigated [16]. Thiol group is an alright ligand because of its strong affinity to various heavy metal ions as a result of Lewis acid–base interactions [17]. To various heavy metal ions as a result of Lewis acid–base interactions [3]. Thiol Derivatives paper Cysteamine an aminothiol, is used to decrease tissue cystine content in patients with nephropathic cystinosis, an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder in which intracellular cystine accumulates due to impaired redeploy out of lysosomes [18]. Cysteamine is a sulfhydryl containing compound which appears to arise from the decarboxylation of cysteine or the breakdown of pantetheine [19]. Scheme 1. Is a schematic Cysteamine. [20] Scheme 1. Cysteamine Table 2: Structure and characteristics of Cysteamine [21] Cysteamine () is one of the simplest molecules able to bond with the each atoms surface through its sulfur and nitrogen atoms and a prerequisite for the design of compact monolayers with acceptable properties is a fundamental understanding of the forces captive in the self-assembly process, and the characterization of the film at the molecular level [22]. Cysteamine as drug applications that have been noted in the table 3 below: Table 3 In this study, we functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with carboxyl group and thiol-derivatized via condensation reaction between carboxylated-MWCNT powders and Cysteamine. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM and TGA were used to characterize the presence of Cysteamine on the MWCNT-COOH surface. 2. Experimental Procedures 2.1. Materials Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with Purity 95 %, outer diameter and length and manufacturing method catalytic chemical vapor deposition were purchased from US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. Sulfuric acid (97 %, AR grade) and nitric acid (37%, AR grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF:98%), 1-ethyl-(3-3’-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC: 97%), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS: 99%) were purchased from Merck Millipore and Cysteamine hydrochloride (99%) were purchased from sigma Aldrich and used as received unless otherwise stated. 2.2 Characterization methods 2.2.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD) X-ray diffraction studies were carried out with an X-ray diffractometer (Model No. D8-Advance, Bruker AXS). 2.1.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) The functional groups on the MWCNTs surface were determined using Fourier transform infrared FTIR method (VERTEX 70, Brucker). FTIR spectrum of MWCNTS was recorded in the range of 4000– 400 using pellets method. 2.2.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) The morphologies and sizes of the nano-structures were characterized by transmission electron microscope â€Å"TEM† (PHILIPS EM 208). 2.2.4 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using a TG Labsys DSC, Setaram. 2.2.5 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) The size and morphology of MWCNTs was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (VEGA3, TESCAN). 2.3 Synthesis method At first [1] (1g) was treated with 20% hydrochloric acid for 120 min sonication, to remove impurities such as residual catalysts and amorphous carbons in the phase of synthesis , Then the sample was filtered with Millipore membrane filter 0.22 and washed many successive times with distilled water. 2.3.1 Oxidation of MWCNTs Multi-walled carbon nanotubes was synthesized by a formerly reported method [52-53]. 0.75 g of pristine MWCNTs was added to 180ml mixture of concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4 (1:3, v/v) and then ultrasonicated for a course of 140 min. then mixture was transferred to a flask equipped with a condenser and was refluxed with drastic shocking at 75 for 6 h. After cooling to Ambient temperature the mixture was filtered with filters paper and filtrated solid was washed thoroughly by deionized water until the filtrate pH was close to neutral. The filter sample was then dried in a vacuum oven at 80 oC for 120 min. The sample was abbreviated as MWCNT-COOH. 2.3.2 [1] Pavani, K. V., Gayathramma, K., Banerjee, A., Suresh, S. (2013). Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extracts of Ipomoea i ndica Flowers. American Journal of Nanomaterials, 1(1), 5-8. [2] Garcà ­a-Gonzà ¡lez, R., Fernà ¡ndez-La Villa, A., Costa-Garcà ­a, A., Fernà ¡ndez-Abedul, M. T. (2013). Dispersion studies of carboxyl, amine and thiol-functionalized carbon nanotubes for improving the electrochemical behavior of screen printed electrodes. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 181, 353-360. [3] Sanagi, M. M., Hussain, I., Ibrahim, W. A. W., Yahaya, N., Kamaruzaman, S., Abidin, N. N. Z., Ali, I. (2014). Micro extraction of Xenobiotics and Biomolecules from Different Matrices on Nano Structures. Separation Purification Reviews, (just-accepted). [4] Sadegh, H., Shahryari-Ghoshekandi, R., Kazemi, M. (2014). Study in synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes decorated by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. International Nano Letters, 4(4), 129-135. [5] Mahmoodi, M., Arjmand, M., Sundararaj, U., Park, S. (2012). The electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding of injection molded multi-walled carbon nanotube/polystyrene composites. Carbon, 50(4), 1455-1464. [6] Zhang, Q., Zhu, M., Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Wang, H. (2009). The formation of magnetite nanoparticles on the sidewalls of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Composites Science and Technology, 69(5), 633-638. [7] Mahmoodian, H., Moradi, O., Shariatzadeh, B. (2014). Grafting chitosan and polyHEMA on carbon nanotubes surfaces: â€Å"Grafting to† and â€Å"Grafting from† methods. International journal of biological macromolecules, 63, 92-97. [8] Moradi, O., Sadegh, H., Shahryari-Ghoshekandi, R., Norouzi, M. (2014). Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Nanomedicine: New Medical Approach for Tomorrow. Handbook of Research on Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and Engineering, 90. [9] Bahrami, K., Khodaei, M. M., Soheilizad, M. (2009). Direct conversion of thiols to sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonamides. The Journal of organic chemistry, 74(24), 9287-9291. [10] Jain, S., Thakare, V. S., Das, M., Godugu, C., Jain, A. K., Mathur, R., Mishra, A. K. (2011). Toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with end defects critically depends on their functionalization density. Chemical research in toxicology, 24(11), 2028-2039. [11] Aqel, A., El-Nour, K. M., Ammar, R. A., Al-Warthan, A. (2012). Carbon nanotubes, science and technology part (I) structure, synthesis and characterisation. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 5(1), 1-23. [12] Wang, Y., Iqbal, Z., Mitra, S. (2006). Rapidly functionalized, water-dispersed carbon nanotubes at high concentration. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128(1), 95-99. [13] Saleh, T. A., Gupta, V. K. (2013). Covalent and Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes.Advanced Carbon Materials and Technology, 317-330. [14] VukoviĆ¡, G. D., MarinkoviĆ¡, A. D., ÄŒoliĆ¡, M., RistiĆ¡, M. Ä ., AleksiĆ¡, R., PeriĆ¡-GrujiĆ¡, A. A., UskokoviĆ¡, P. S. (2010). Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by oxidized and ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(1), 238-248. [15] Castner, D. G., Hinds, K., Grainger, D. W. (1996). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy sulfur 2p study of organic thiol and disulfide binding interactions with gold surfaces. Langmuir, 12(21), 5083-5086. [16] Holmgren, A., Sengupta, R. (2010). The use of thiols by ribonucleotide reductase. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 49(11), 1617-1628. [17] Vieira, E. S., Simoni, J. A. (1997). Interaction of cations with SH-modified silica gel: thermochemical study through calorimetric titration and direct extent of reaction determination. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 7(11), 2249-2252. [18] Gahl, W. A. (2003). Early oral Cysteamine therapy for nephropathic cystinosis. European journal of pediatrics, 162(1), S38-S41. [19] Kuņºmierek, K., Bald, E. (2008). Measurement of reduced and total Mercaptamine in urine using liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Biomedical Chromatography, 22(4), 441-445. [20] Reid, E. Emmet (1958). Organic Chemistry of Bivalent Sulfur 1. New York: Chemical Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 398–399. [21] Lukashin, B. P., Grebeniuk, A. N. (2000). [Comparative study of the radiation-protective effectiveness of low doses of cysteamine, heparin, and naphtizine in experiments on mice]. Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, 41(3), 310-312. [22] Bloxham, S., Eicherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lorka, O., JakubÄ-nas, R., Niaura, G. (2003). Adsorption of Cysteamine at Copper Electrodes as Studied by Surfaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Spectroscopy letters, 36(3), 211-226. [23] Dayalu, P., Albin, R. L. (2015). Huntington Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment. Neurologic clinics, 33(1), 101-114. [24] Kurlan, R., Evans, R., Wrigley, S., McPartland, S., Bustami, R., Cotter, A. (2015). Tai Chi in Parkinson’s disease: A Preliminary Randomized, Controlled, and Rater-Blinded Study. Advances in Parkinsons disease, 4(01), 9. [25] Than, N. N., Newsome, P. N. (2015). A concise review of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis. 239(1), 192–202. [26] Bordon, Y. (2015). Microbiota: Gut bacteria cross malaria. Nature Reviews Immunology, 15(1), 1-1. [27] Brawer, J.R. et al. (1994) the origin and composition of peroxidase-positive granules in cysteamine-treated astrocytes in culture. Brain Res. 633, 9–20. [52] Wu, T. M., Lin, Y. W. (2006). Doped polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites: Preparation, characterization and properties. Polymer, 47(10), 3576-3582. [53] Xu, J., Yao, P., Li, X., He, F. (2008). Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble and conducting sulfonated polyaniline/ para-phenylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes nano-composite. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 151(3), 210-219. [55] Ansari, R., Ajori, S., Rouhi, S. (2015). Elastic properties and buckling behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with diethyltoluenediamines using molecular dynamics simulations. Superlattices and Microstructures, 77, 54-63. [56] Bie, B. X., Han, J. H., Lu, L., Zhou, X. M., Qi, M. L., Zhang, Z., Luo, S. N. (2015). Dynamic fracture of carbon nanotube/epoxy composites under high strain-rate loading. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 68, 282-288. [57] Shi, Q., Yang, D., Su, Y., Li, J., Jiang, Z., Jiang, Y., Yuan, W. (2007). Covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by lipase. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 9(6), 1205-1210. [1] Raw Carbon nanotubes( pure carbon nanotubes: p-MWCNT)

At the end of the novel, Scout says He was really nice. Atticus replies :: Free Essay Writer

At the end of the novel, Scout says He was really nice. Atticus replies Most people are Scout, when you finally see them. Discuss the importance of this as indicating a major theme in the novel. GCSE English Coursework: To Kill A Mockingbird: At the end of the novel, Scout says â€Å"He was really nice.† Atticus replies â€Å"Most people are Scout, when you finally see them†. Discuss the importance of this as indicating a major theme in the novel. To Kill a Mockingbird was written in 1962 by Harper Lee, but set in the 1930s just after the Wall Street crash, which consequently led to the great depression. It is a novel, read by a lot of people as a moral parable. The novel deals with such things as prejudice, poverty and parental education. This novel is set in a small quiet town called Maycomb County, in Alabama, a Southern State of America. The people in the town are represented in a pyramid of hierarchy, with middle class, white professionals, at the summit of this hierarchical structure. The quote in the title of this essay title shows how Atticus educated his children on how bad prejudice was and he tries to repel them from the majority of racist thoughts of Maycomb. When he replies to Scout in the novel, â€Å"Most people are Scout when you finally see them†, he is trying to put across the fact that all people have their faults and their good attributes, but many people are clouded with other people’s gossip and follow the crowd. I think he is trying to say that if people think about someone deep down who they hate, they realise they don’t have much of a reason to. He is teaching the children to get to know people before they place a judgement on them, not to judge a book by its cover. Atticus’ reply to Scout was said in a moral sense. To see the real decency of a person you need to be able to analyse everything about them, not their skin colour but their true personalities as a person. "You never really understand a person until you climb into his skin and walk around in it." Once you discover who they really are you can then place your own justified judgement. This quote relates closely to the quote in the title as you need to consider people from their point of view, then you can â€Å"Finally see them†. This separated Atticus apart from the rest of the characters in the novel as he surpasses face value and sees people for who they really are.

Heart Of Darkness :: essays research papers

The infinite battle between good and evil can destroy, refine, or rebuild the human soul by means of choice. However, good is stronger than evil and someday, the power of good will dominate. In the novel Heart of Darkness, Conrad illustrates pure evil and its capability to consume one’s soul. The title Heart of Darkness symbolizes the true evil in man, the improper use of knowledge and the downfall of civilization. “I’ve seen the devil of violence, and the devil of greed, and the devil of hot desire; but by all stars! These were strong, lusty, red-eyed devils, that swayed and drove men—men, I tell you.'; (Conrad, 81). Violence, greed and passionate desires are elements that help unleash the evil that lurks in man, which symbolizes the Heart of Darkness. The character change of Kurtz is an example of this evil. Kurtz is first describe as “a very remarkable person'; by the accountant. "Mr. Kurtz was at present in charge of a trading post, a very important one, in the ivory-country,… Sends in as much ivory as all the others put together." (Conrad, 84) However, when Kurtz experience power, greed overcomes him and he uses his intelligence and violence to accomplish his passionate desire. “ He is an emissary of pity and science and progress; and devil knows what else.'; (Conrad, 92). It is believed that there is evil in everyone and it can be triggered by mere stupidity of man. The evil in Kurtz is unleashed because he choose his deep desires for ivory and did not look ahead in the future of what will become of him. Consequently, his soul is consumed for eternal damnation. "The improper use of knowledge is another example that symbolizes the Heart of Darkness. One of Kurtz’s advantages is his deep voice and his ability to speak. That man could talk. He electrified large meetings. He had faith-don’t you see? –he had the faith. He could get himself to believe anything-anything. He would have been a splendid leader of an extreme party." (Conrad, 151) Kurtz used his knowledge about the weather and his power of speech to manipulate the natives into believing that he was a god. "He was not afraid of the natives; they would not stir till Mr. Kurtz gave the word. His ascendancy was extraordinary. The camps of these people surrounded the place, and the chiefs came everyday and they would crawl… ‘I don’t want to know anything of the ceremonies used when approaching Mr.

Primary Education and Trendy Brown Jacket Essay

The most important qualities of an outstanding teacher are those that improve teaching and enhance student learning. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and  secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting.

Gender Differences in the Personality Development of Adolescents

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT PARENTING STYLES S. Sravanthi And Dr. M. Sarada Devi The present study was designed to investigate the gender differences in the personality development of adolescents belonging to different parenting styles. The sample comprised of 180 adolescents (60 democratic, 60 permissive and 60 authoritarian parents and their children who comprised of equal number of boys and girls). MAP Series (Teenage Form) covering 20 dimensions was used for data collection.The results revealed that boys belonging to democratic parenting style had high personality development in all the dimensions followed by permissive parenting style. Adolescents belonging to authoritarian parents had low scores on personality development than the adolescents with democratic and permissive parents. INTRODUCTION: Parenting is a complex activity that includes many specific behaviours that work individually and together to influence the c hild outcomes.Parents occupy the most important place in the perceptual world of the child (Eisenberg 1996). Parenting is the most rewarding work of adult life. ————————————————- Parenting styles are broad categories that can overlap, shift, mix and change overtime. Often discipline is considered as essential for the growth and development of the child, Parental discipline is very essential for building healthy personality of the child.The patterns of socialization used by parents influence the child’s personality. *S. Sravanthi (M. Sc) Student, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, ANGRAU, Saifabad, Hyderabad **Dr. M. Sarada Devi Associate professor, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, ANGRAU, Saifabad, Hyderabad The term personality is derived from Latin word â€Å"persona† whic h means, â€Å"mask†.Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behaviour and thought. Adolescents are extremely personality conscious and highly motivated to improve them. Diana Baumarind (1983) has classified the techniques of disciplining in three fold scheme and the research focused on three of them 1) Authoritarian 2) Authoritative/Democratic and 3) Permissive.The research indicates that authoritative parenting is associated with increase in attitudinal and behavioural indicators of academic orientation during adolescents, including greater engagement in classroom activities, higher educational aspirations and more positive feelings about school compared to adolescents from permissive and authoritarian parenting style (MaccobyEE 1996). METHODOLOGY Sample: The sample comprised of one hundred and eighty adolescents including equal number of boys and girls from three parenting styles i. e. democratic, permissive and authoritarian. The sample drawn was randomly selected from different high schools of Hyderabad city. Tools Used: In order to find out the gender differences in personality development, MAP series (Teenage Form) consisting of 20 personality dimensions was used covering (adaptability, academic achievement, boldness, competition creativity, enthusiasm, excitability, general ability, guilt proneness, individualism, innovation, leadership, maturity, mental health, morality, self-control, sensitivity, self-sufficiency, social warmth and tension).To find out the different parenting styles adopted by the parents, parenting interactional style questionnaire developed by Vivekan Reddy (1996) was used. Procedure: Along with the Parenting Interactional Style Questionnaire self developed proforma to collect the general information was administered to the sample after collecting the data, it was scored and analyzed statistically using means, S. D and ‘Z’ va lues yielding the following results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The present investigation was undertaken with the objective of studying gender differences in the personality development of adolescents belonging to different parenting styles.Table: 1 Gender differences in personality dimensions of adolescents under democratic parenting style. S. No. | Personality Dimensions| Boys| Girls | ‘Z’ Value| | | Mean| S. D| Mean| S. D. | | 1| Adaptability| 8. 3667| 2. 1573| 8. 0333| 1. 5421| 0. 8848 NS| 2| Academic Achievement | 9. 1667| 1. 7036| 8. 3333| 1. 6470| 1. 9592 NS| 3| Boldness| 9. 1667| 2. 3647| 9. 0000| 2. 0844| 0. 2945 NS| 4| Competition| 7. 9000| 2. 5778| 6. 6333| 2. 3265| 2. 6485**| 5| Creativity| 8. 5333| 1. 6965| 7. 9667| 2. 7353| 1. 2334 NS| 6| Enthusiasm| 7. 1333| 2. 2242| 8. 2333| 1. 8511| 2. 3086*| 7| Excitability| 8. 000| 1. 4288| 6. 9667| 1. 8473| 0. 9699 NS| 8| General Ability| 9. 6000| 2. 6471| 8. 8000| 2. 7089| 1. 1767 NS| 9| Guilt Proneness| 7. 7667| 0. 585 4| 7. 9667| 2. 0424| 0. 3854 NS| 10| Individualism| 9. 2000| 2. 0578| 6. 3333| 1. 9911| 4. 9936** | 11| Innovation| 8. 1667| 2. 6403| 6. 8667| 2. 5560| 0. 0666**| 12| Leadership| 10. 1667| 2. 0525| 8. 8000| 2. 3253| 3. 8302 **| 13| Maturity| 9. 1000| 2. 4403| 9. 5000| 1. 8892| 0. 7221 NS| 14| Mental Health| 8. 7333| 2. 3479| 8. 6000| 2. 0443| 0. 5865 NS| 15| Morality| 8. 9333| 2. 1485| 9. 1667| 2. 1348| 0. 3629 NS| 16| Self-control| 8. 2000| 1. 7695| 8. 7333| 1. 954| 0. 7101 **| 17| Sensitivity| 6. 7000| 1. 6432| 7. 3667| 2. 2358| 1. 3385 NS| 18| Self-Sufficiency| 8. 2000| 2. 0745| 7. 6000| 2. 0611| 0. 4042 NS| 19| Social warmth| 8. 6333| 1. 7515| 9. 1667| 2. 1348| 0. 0649 NS| 20| Tension| 5. 7667| 1. 6333| 6. 3667| 2. 0424| 1. 2781 NS| | Total| 163. 3667| 8. 5439| 158. 2667| 11. 4649| 1. 9666*| NS: Not significant Adolescent boys had high mean scores on personality development compared to girls belonging to democratic parenting style. It was evident from the table-1 that adolescent boys had high mean scores on almost all the dimensions of personality development.This might be due to the fact that boys were given more opportunities by the parents for their development compared to girls. It might also be due to the gender role socialization practices used by the parents as boys to be assertive, independent and self-controlled in nature. This might also be influenced by the high parental expectations towards boys as they are the future breadwinners of the family. Adolescent girls had scored high on few personality dimensions such as maturity, morality, enthusiasm and social warmth.This might be due to the traditional society set up that girls are more matured than those of boys in the same age group and are better able to take care of the household activities. Boys of democratic parents had better personality development compared to girls of the same parenting styles. This might be due to the fact that parents had provided more opportunities for boys compared to girls from the same group. Table-2: Gender differences in personality dimensions under permissive parenting style S. No. | Personality Dimensions| Boys| Girls | ‘Z’ Value| | | Mean| S. D| Mean| S. D. | | | Adaptability| 6. 7000| 2. 2614| 6. 0333| 1. 9025| 1. 2567 NS| 2| Academic Achievement | 5. 3735| 1. 7367| 6. 9333| 1. 7604| 3. 4543**| 3| Boldness| 9. 0333| 2. 3560| 8. 9667| 2. 7728| 0. 2890 NS| 4| Competition| 7. 2000| 3. 0103| 6. 3667| 1. 9384| 0. 8297 NS| 5| Creativity| 8. 9333| 1. 9106| 7. 8667| 2. 4877| 1. 6140 NS| 6| Enthusiasm| 7. 9000| 2. 4262| 5. 8667| 2. 0965| 4. 8871**| 7| Excitability| 8. 5000| 1. 8892| 6. 7333| 2. 2733| 3. 4582**| 8| General Ability| 7. 4000| 3. 6446| 6. 8333| 2. 6008| 0. 7051 NS| 9| Guilt Proneness| 7. 7667| 1. 8323| 7. 8333| 3. 2065| 0. 1006 NS| 10| Individualism| 9. 333| 1. 6750| 8. 3667| 1. 8096| 1. 9580 NS| 11| Innovation| 8. 2000| 1. 9722| 6. 4333| 1. 7157| 2. 3007*| 12| Leadership| 8. 1333| 2. 1292| 7. 9333| 1. 6595| 1. 6901 NS| 13| Maturity| 6. 2667| 2. 0833| 8. 3000| 2. 3947| 3. 5687**| 14| Mental Health| 8. 3000| 1. 9853| 6. 7667 | 2. 2846| 2. 6355**| 15| Morality| 8. 0000| 1. 8383| 9. 1333| 2. 1930| 2. 3070*| 16| Self-control| 7. 7000| 1. 8965| 6. 4000| 1. 4288| 4. 4091**| 17| Sensitivity| 8. 5000| 2. 0129| 9. 8667| 1. 8889| 2. 8000*| 18| Self-Sufficiency| 7. 6333| 2. 0745| 7. 4333| 2. 4023| 4. 3297**| 19| Social warmth| 7. 3667| 3. 784| 7. 8667| 2. 1292| 2. 4020*| 20| Tension| 5. 8333| 2. 9371| 7. 7667| 2. 5688| 2. 7602**| | Total| 160. 5667| 17. 1096| 147. 7333| 9. 3521| 3. 6521**| Ns: Not significant Adolescent boys belonging to permissive parenting style had high mean scores on personality development compared to girls. It was evident from the results that adolescent boys had high mean scores on almost all the personality dimensions such as adaptability, boldness, competition, creativity, enthusiasm, excitability, general ability, individualism, leadership, innovation, mental health, self-control an d self sufficiency.This might be due to the fact that parents aspire that the boys should study regularly and get good marks, go far higher studies because the cultural stereotype of male gender role as breadwinner persists in the country. Hence it was clear that personality development of adolescent boys was better compared to girls. Adolescent girls scored high on few personality dimensions such as academic achievement, guilt proneness, morality, maturity, sensitivity, social warmth and tension. This might be due to the fact that girls are good at verbal skills and thinking.It can also be due to the fact that girls are more emotional and empathetic in nature and good at interaction with others compared to boys. It had not shown significant difference between boys and girls with regard to rest of the dimensions such as adaptability, competition, creativity, general ability, guilt proneness, individualism and leadership. Table -3: Gender differences in personality dimensions under A uthoritarian parenting style S. No. | Personality Dimensions| Boys| Girls | ‘Z’ Value| | | Mean| S. D| Mean| S. D. | | 1| Adaptability| 6. 1333| 2. 0634| 7. 6333| 1. 9911| 4. 1677**| 2| Academic Achievement | 6. 2333| 1. 4667| 5. 333| 1. 8286| 2. 2312*| 3| Boldness| 8. 8333| 3. 0522| 5. 5333| 1. 2794| 6. 2634**| 4| Competition| 6. 8667| 2. 1292| 5. 6000| 1. 7340| 2. 5698*| 5| Creativity| 6. 1000| 2. 3540| 7. 5667| 2. 6741| 2. 2935 *| 6| Enthusiasm| 7. 0423| 2. 1930| 5. 0333| 2. 1891| 2. 1353*| 7| Excitability| 7. 4333| 1. 9420| 6. 9667| 1. 9737| 3. 1265**| 8| General Ability| 6. 4667| 2. 7099| 7. 1333| 1. 9429| 0. 2785 NS| 9| Guilt Proneness| 6. 6000| 2. 5134| 7. 5333| 1. 8520| 1. 6654 NS| 10| Individualism| 6. 9333| 2. 2427| 5. 4333| 1. 7357| 2. 9466**| 11| Innovation| 7. 1000| 2. 6438| 5. 4333| 2. 2234| 2. 6878**| 12| Leadership| 6. 8333| 1. 286| 5. 6667| 1. 7876| 4. 8019**| 13| Maturity| 6. 8667| 1. 5698| 7. 3000| 2. 5617| 0. 8035 NS| 14| Mental Health| 8. 2333| 2. 0 957| 5. 9667| 2. 5391| 4. 4567**| 15| Morality| 6. 6667| 1. 7876| 7. 2667| 2. 5722| 1. 0671 NS| 16| Self-control| 8. 0333| 3. 1784| 6. 1000| 1. 4937| 3. 0668**| 17| Sensitivity| 6. 8333| 2. 2118| 5. 9333| 2. 0500| 1. 2284 NS| 18| Self-Sufficiency| 6. 9333| 2. 2118| 5. 9333| 2. 0500| 1. 2284 NS| 19| Social warmth| 8. 5000| 2. 7133| 8. 6672 | 2. 2642| 1. 5108 NS| 20| Tension| 8. 3667| 2. 0424| 10. 3667| 1. 4735| 4. 4241**| | Total| 151. 1333| 12. 2072| 134. 2333| 7. 9903| 6. 4199**| NS: Not significantAdolescent’s boys had high mean scores on personality development compared to girls from authoritarian parenting style. It was evident from the results that adolescent boys had high mean scores with reference to almost all the dimensions of personality development such as academic achievement, boldness, competition, enthusiasm, excitability, individualism, innovation, leadership, mental health; self-control, sensitivity and tension. Hence it was revealed that personality developme nt of adolescent boys was better than those of girls. This might be due to the parental expectations and aspirations on adolescents that differ on both genders.It might also be due to the roles taken up by adolescents in household activities such as girls taking care of cleaning, cooking where as boys going out for buying groceries and paying the bills and technical work etc. Adolescent girls had scored high on few dimensions such as adaptability, creativity, maturity, morality sensitivity, social warmth and tension. This might be due to the result of gender role socialization practices such as girls are trained to become good home markers and they are quick in absorbing the models from their parents compared to boys.Both boys and girls were on par in personality dimensions such as general ability and guilt proneness as there was no significant difference found between the two genders. The present findings are in line with the study conducted by Chowdhary et al. (1995), which reveal ed that girls required more support from their parent’s, and their needs were more as compared to boys. In a study on parent’s gender differentiated socialization practices concluded that, parents do indeed reinforce gender-typed behaviour such as play, activity, and toy choices (Maccoby & Jacklin 1974).FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION Significant differences were noticed in personality development of adolescent boys and girls belonging to different parenting styles. Boys belonging to democratic parents had better personality development compared to girls. Where as the adolescents belonging to authoritarian parenting style had low personality development than the adolescents of democratic and permissive parenting styles. On the whole it was evident that democratic parenting style was found to have significant positive influence on personality development of the adolescents.Hence from the results it was clear that democratic parenting style was best-suggested to develop personal ity development among the adolescents. Bibliography Baumrind D 1967 Child care practices anticipating patterns of pre-school behaviour. Genetic psychology monographs 75 : 43-88. Chowdhary, Aparijitha, Muni and Kumari A 1995 Roles of parental support in Childrens, need satisfaction and academic achievement. Journal of Community Guidance and Research 12 (2) : 135-144. Maccoby E E and Martin J A 1996 Socialization in the context of the family, Parent child interaction, Newyork, Handbook of psychology. Ed 4th Edition 1-101.