Interview Special Education Teacher Edited Essay

As a prerequisite to writing my Individual paper for Orientation to Exceptional Child class, I interviewed Latoya Pearson, who is a Special Education teacher at Homewood High School here in Homewood, Alabama. Mrs. Pearson attended The University of Alabama where she majored in Psychology and minored in Biology. Mrs. Pearson began working at Homewood High School in 2006 with an emergency teacher’s certification in Special Education. Mrs. Pearson later received a Master’s in Special Education in 2008 from The University of Montevallo. Mrs. Pearson started the interview by asking what field of education I was pursuing and why I chose this field. I explained to Mrs. Pearson that I am pursuing a Master’s in Special Education from The University of Phoenix. I told Mrs. Pearson that I chose this field because I wanted to pursue a career where I would have the largest impact on someone’s life. I also mentioned that I have always been aware of kids being mislabeled and placed into special education classes who may not necessary need the service. I know that I have the patience and creativity to not only help special needs kids but to help identify those who are being displaced into special education as well. I further explained the purpose of this interview is to understand  the responsibilities of teachers and support staff, classroom management techniques, and how the environment impacts students at her school. Firstly, I asked Mrs. Pearson asked about the responsibilities of teachers and support staff at her school for the special education program. Mrs. Pearson stated that her school used inclusion model to integrate special needs kids with general education kids. Mrs. Pearson works with a total of three teachers throughout her school day. One teacher and Mrs. Pearson use both Team Teach and One Teach, One Drift. Mrs. Pearson and the general education teacher share the  teaching responsibilities and also provide specialized, differentiated lessons for students with Interview with a Special Educa? on Teacher 2 special needs. These co-teaching were done to present material in different ways so that special needs students would have access to the same learning requirements as other students in the classroom. During One Teach, One Drift one of the teachers is walking around redirecting that student who struggles in certain areas. At the beginning of the school year, Mrs. Pearson and the General Education teacher discuss each other’s teaching styles and philosophies. They work  together throughout the school year to build rapport to get to know each other on a more personal level. Rapport Building will help establish an effective conflict resolution plan. Mrs. Pearson serves as a resource for the other two teachers. In these classrooms, Alternative teaching is being used. She will pull aside kids that need extra assistance whether it’s a special needs student or a general education student and provide them the support they need to complete their assignments. IEP team consist of the Special Education Teacher, General Education Teacher, Case Manager, Parents. Administration, LEA. Mrs. Pearson stated that she had to beg the General Education teacher to attend the IEP meeting. Very few wants to attend, and the ones who does attend most of them do not offer much help in the meeting. Mrs. Pearson also said that most parents do not attend the IEP for several reasons. There are some instances where parents do not have transportation, so a conference call is scheduled. Unfortunately when they make the call parents do not answer the phone. Lack of support can be very frustrating because parent feedback is important to help implement an IEP that helps the students succeed in general education classrooms. Mrs. Pearson said that she was given three Professional Development days a year to attend training. General Education teacher also has the opportunity to attend training. However, only 30% of the teacher choose to attend. General Education teacher expects the Special Education teacher to handle the special needs kids because they do not want to deal with the disruptive episodes. Interview with a Special Educa? on Teacher 3 Though there are areas for improvement on the roles and responsibilities of general education teacher, Mrs. Pearson, and one general education has had success through Team Teaching and  One Teach, One Drift. Mrs. Pearson and have been able to implement the necessary aids and services that are needed for the children to succeed. Classroom Management Techniques Secondly, Mrs. Pearson was asked to describe the Classroom Management Techniques such as Instructional and Behavioral accommodation that are in place at Homewood High School. The Instructional accommodations and modifications that are in place gives special needs students fewer question and allow more time to complete than general education students. They may also take a student to the resource room to test so that they can concentrate and remove any  distractions that may be preventing the student from staying on task. General education students are required to memorize formulas for math equation, whereas a special needs student is given the formulas on paper if it is needed. Behavioral accommodations and modifications in her school include verbal, and non-verbal cues to redirect the students. Students with behavioral problems are sometimes seated near role models in the classroom. Removing the student from the classroom and allowing them to de- escalate is another accommodation that in place for these students. Students are also allowed to  write out their feelings that will sometimes help teachers understand the child’s frustration. The student is required to select two people who they can go to for help through their episode. With proper Instructional and behavioral classroom management techniques, students should be able to understand and apply required learning objectives and outcomes. Environment Adaptation Interview with a Special Educa? on Teacher 4 Lastly, Mrs. Pearson was asked how Technology and Physical Environments adaptions help meet student needs at her school. Mrs. Pearson states that IPad, Dragon dictation, Google. Read Write, Brain Pop, and also teaching from Near Pods that gives instruction by videos are technologies that are used to help students with disabilities. â€Å"Programs like Dragon dictation gives students who have trouble reading every word on a page with an e-book reader and text-to-speech capability. Students are allowed to sit in class with headphones on, listen to the words as it reads it to them and then weigh in on core literature discussions. Assisted Technologies gives special needs students confidence, independence, and more willingness to reach out to their teachers and peers to ask questions and collaborate. † (Hayes 2013. ) According to â€Å"Wallingord-Swartmore School District† (n. d. ) â€Å"Brain POP engages students by explaining concepts in animated skits that kids find enjoyable and easy to understand. Introduce a new lesson, explain a difficult concept, or measure student comprehension – these are just some of the ways you can use Brain POP in a lesson. † Nearpod emulates the teacher’s presentation and instruction on an iPads and it also permits collaborating voting and questions for students during a presentation. There are important times when teacher’s present new material to students, and with the iPads in their hands makes. Nearpod a helpful resource. These technologies allow students better understand ideas and stay on track with the other students, the schools can better include special-needs students into general education classes. Interview with a Special Educa? on Teacher 5 The Physical Environment adaptions consist of General Accessibility and Classroom Environment. General Accessibility ensure students has physical access to the teacher and administrative spaces. The teachers make sure that students in a wheelchair can maneuver around the room without any restriction and can sit with the other students. (â€Å"PhysicaEnvironment†, n.d. ). Classroom Environment is just as important as Accessibility. Both teachers ensure the position themselves so that can hear the students and also be heard by students. They also make sure that there is proper lighting so that students can see the teacher or any props the teacher uses in the class. These strategies were used to ensure that the environment is safe and secure for every learner. (â€Å"Physical Environment†, n. d. ). Conclusion Several general conclusions can be drawn from the results of this interview. First, the roles and responsibility of teachers and support staff is an area of improvement. Mrs. Pearson has one teacher who does a great good of Team Teaching, but the other two general education teacher makes her handle all of the special needs kids. She is also assisting the general education students who are not special needs students but needs assistance in areas they are struggling in. The teachers not wanting to participate in IEP meeting should be unacceptable. The teachers that do attend is not offering much help in the meeting. Mrs. Pearson stated that she feels that because the administrators were once general education teachers they tend to side with the general education teachers. For successful IEP’s the general education teacher should receive more training and be required to be more productive in the meetings. Interview with a Special Educa? on Teacher 6 Classroom Management Technique has not changed substantially in response to co-teaching. Classroom instruction accommodation continues to sustain as a whole class and lecture-driven, and this has left special education co-teachers trying to fit the model and deliver assistance to students in need. Behavioral accommodation needs improvement as well. The Special Education is required to handle all disruptive episodes of special needs students. General Education lacks the knowledge to de-escalate these students. General Education should be required to take the necessary training on how to deal with these episodes so that they can have a better understanding of why student respond with disruptive behavior. Physical Environment at her school seems to meet the needs and accommodates all students. They have a plan in place that ensures teachers can hear students and also be heard by students. It is important that the classroom is set up so that students in wheelchairs can navigate through the classroom the same as the general education students. They also made sure the boards, props, and video are visible to all students so that they have access to all of the learning material. I have learned a lot from the interview with Mrs. Pearson. I will ensure to establish a plan to build rapport with all teachers and the beginning of the school year. I will also try to show administration the importance of all general education participation in the IEP meeting. I would love to try the Dragon program when I become a teacher to see how students interact with a program that will read aloud the material we are covering. Some students respond better when  the material is read aloud to them. I also thought that the Nearpod app is very beneficial for students and teachers. Some student easily get bored in a classroom but with technology such as IPad that has Nearpod student are more likely to stay involved, and it also will encourage them to collaborate more with their peers and teachers. I have learned a lot of valuable information but I Interview with a Special Educa? on Teacher 7 eager to continue to learn more ways to collaborate with general education teachers and learn more class management techniques. Interview with a Special Educa? on Teacher 8 Reference  Eaton, K. (2013, April 17). Make a note of it: Speech Recognition apps are getting better. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://http://www. nytimes. com/2013/04/18/technology/personaltech/dragon-dictation- and-other-speech-recognition-apps-review. html? _r=0 Hayes, H. B. (2013, March). How Technology Is Helping Special-Needs Students Excel. EDTech, (). Physical Environment. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. tcd. ie/CAPSL/TIC/guidelines/environment/ Ripley, S. (1997, July). Collaboration between General and Special Education Teachers. Eric Digest, (), Interview with a Special Educa? on Teacher 9.

A Study of the Diffusion of Innovation

Today, there are many educational institution are implementing different types of technology in order to enhance instruction of the teacher as well the learning efficiency of the students. It is believe that application of technology will definitely enhance instruction because these types of materials and apparatus are especially designed for education and instruction.The most visible form of technology today is the computer (Gallas, 1994). Unlike in the previous decades where teachers use the traditional blackboard and chalk to teach their middle school students, now most teachers are using computers to aid them in teaching their students. This is just one example of interventions of technology in a middle school classroom.For this paper, the main objective is to determine the different types of technologies being implemented in a middle school classroom in order to enhance instruction. Moreover, the paper will try to define the factors that affect the diffusion process of technolog y integration within middle school classrooms.TYPES OF TECHNOLOGYComputers  For the past few decades in teaching methodology, the mode of teaching in almost every classroom is done by one-to-many interaction (Cooper & Robinson, 1998). This means that there is one who takes the responsibility in giving the right amount of knowledge to its student.The said interaction is mostly known as the teacher to student relationship. This mode of teaching had produced many intellects in the world. Many professors and scholars relied on this technique to teach their students effectively. They thought that this technique will make their students absorb the teaching they inculcate. This condition is whether the class is big or small.Science and mathematics subjects are one of the most important subjects that must be taught effectively to a student especially in the elementary level.The curriculum of a school must be of good quality because this will serve as a good foundation on the learning proc ess of the students (Fink, 2004). It is believed that good foundation on science ad math subjects will be a tool on the success of the students. Thus, there is a need in the upgrading of the current teaching methods of the said subjects for the students who wants to learn fully the basic or fundamental principles of the said subject.Today, computers aid teachers in instructing their students. But how teachers utilize computer in teaching their students? Some lessons are shown through the use of computers. Unlike in a blackboard and chalk setting where the teacher can only write and draw figures but with the use of computers, the teacher can do more (Their & Daviss, 2002).A good example of this is when a science instructor teaches human anatomy. For a middle school student, he or she will find it hard to imagine human parts especially the internal organs. Thus, the science instructor will use a computer to better visualize the human anatomy. Basically, computers are being implemented today because there are some discussion when used by a blackboard and chalk, the student cannot understand the given lesson.Most educational institutions believe that there is a need to include in their academic curriculum the subject information technology and one example of this is the usage of computers. The above discussion shows why teachers use computer while this part of the paper will analyze why is there a need to include computer related subjects in the curriculum of middle school classrooms (Technology Education Association, 2000).Computers that are being used by math teachers, uses software that has connection is teaching math subjects (Harlen, 2001). This software is designed to teach math lesson and techniques in such a way that it will not create confusion on students. In solving math problems, the first thing to do is read the problem and determine what are the given.After this, the solver must find out what is being asked from the problem. Some math problems have o bvious statement where the solver can detect it with ease while there are also other math problems that do require and analysis first before knowing what is being asked. The next part will be the most difficult one because the solver will determine what equation or group or equations will be use to answer the math problem. This part does require some analysis (AutoSkill, 2003).The very reason why students are advised to take computer subjects is that, computers are now considered basic necessity in our society (Education Development Center, Inc.,2000). Almost every person in the country has computers. Moreover, all business transactions use computers. Thus, to prepare them in their chosen career, they will not be left behind due to their illiterateness in computer hardware and software. A Study of the Diffusion of Innovation Today, there are many educational institution are implementing different types of technology in order to enhance instruction of the teacher as well the learning efficiency of the students. It is believe that application of technology will definitely enhance instruction because these types of materials and apparatus are especially designed for education and instruction.The most visible form of technology today is the computer (Gallas, 1994). Unlike in the previous decades where teachers use the traditional blackboard and chalk to teach their middle school students, now most teachers are using computers to aid them in teaching their students. This is just one example of interventions of technology in a middle school classroom.For this paper, the main objective is to determine the different types of technologies being implemented in a middle school classroom in order to enhance instruction. Moreover, the paper will try to define the factors that affect the diffusion process of technolog y integration within middle school classrooms.TYPES OF TECHNOLOGYComputersFor the past few decades in teaching methodology, the mode of teaching in almost every classroom is done by one-to-many interaction (Cooper & Robinson, 1998). This means that there is one who takes the responsibility in giving the right amount of knowledge to its student. The said interaction is mostly known as the teacher to student relationship.This mode of teaching had produced many intellects in the world. Many professors and scholars relied on this technique to teach their students effectively. They thought that this technique will make their students absorb the teaching they inculcate. This condition is whether the class is big or small.Science and mathematics subjects are one of the most important subjects that must be taught effectively to a student especially in the elementary level. The curriculum of a school must be of good quality because this will serve as a good foundation on the learning process of the students (Fink, 2004). It is believed that good foundation on science ad math subjects will be a tool on the success of the students.Thus, there is a need in the upgrading of the current teaching methods of the said subjects for the students who wants to learn fully the basic or fundamental principles of the said subject.Today, computers aid teachers in instructing their students. But how teachers utilize computer in teaching their students? Some lessons are shown through the use of computers. Unlike in a blackboard and chalk setting where the teacher can only write and draw figures but with the use of computers, the teacher can do more (Their & Daviss, 2002).A good example of this is when a science instructor teaches human anatomy. For a middle school student, he or she will find it hard to imagine human parts especially the internal organs. Thus, the science instructor will use a computer to better visualize the human anatomy. Basically, computers are being implemented tod ay because there are some discussion when used by a blackboard and chalk, the student cannot understand the given lesson.Most educational institutions believe that there is a need to include in their academic curriculum the subject information technology and one example of this is the usage of computers. The above discussion shows why teachers use computer while this part of the paper will analyze why is there a need to include computer related subjects in the curriculum of middle school classrooms (Technology Education Association, 2000).Computers that are being used by math teachers, uses software that has connection is teaching math subjects (Harlen, 2001). This software is designed to teach math lesson and techniques in such a way that it will not create confusion on students. In solving math problems, the first thing to do is read the problem and determine what are the given. After this, the solver must find out what is being asked from the problem.Some math problems have obvio us statement where the solver can detect it with ease while there are also other math problems that do require and analysis first before knowing what is being asked. The next part will be the most difficult one because the solver will determine what equation or group or equations will be use to answer the math problem. This part does require some analysis (AutoSkill, 2003).The very reason why students are advised to take computer subjects is that, computers are now considered basic necessity in our society (Education Development Center, Inc.,2000). Almost every person in the country has computers. Moreover, all business transactions use computers. Thus, to prepare them in their chosen career, they will not be left behind due to their illiterateness in computer hardware and software.InternetInternet is being introduced today in most middle schools. The use of internet for education purposes is called electronic education or simply e-learning. The teacher may teach his or her students wherever and whenever.This is also applicable when the teacher wants also to give exercise and examination. The good thing with the use of internet is that, it does not need the student to go in the classroom just to learn the lesson. What is needed is a set of computer that has an internet connection (Technology Alliance’s Technology in Education Task Force, 1998).FACTORS OF TECHNOLOGY DIFUSSIONThere are factors why technology is implemented in teaching method in a middle school classroom. One is that it is more efficient compared to the traditional setting of a classroom.We know that a typical classroom consists of tables where the students will sit for the rest of time of discussion and a blackboard and chalk where all the writings will be done, but when technology is implemented, the classroom will transform into more convenient environment that will aid students to appreciate what the teacher is discussing.Computers will create an excitement among students because they will not feel bored in the discussion. Audio-visual equipment will also facilitate in the efficient learning of the students. They will understand more some complicated lessons like in science and math subjects.References:AutoSkill, (2003). Developing Mathematical Proficiency with the AutoSkill ® Academy of MATH ®Cooper, J., & Robinson, P. (1998). Small-group Instruction in Science, Mathematics,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Engineering and Technology (SMET) Disciplines: A Status Report and an   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Agenda for the Future. Journal of College Science Teaching.Education Development Center, Inc. (2000). Findings from Phase I and Phase II (1989†¹91) of the Middle School Technology Integration Project. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from http://www.edc.org/FSC/MIH/Fink, L. D. (2004). Beyond Small Groups: Harnessing the Extraordinary Power of Learning Teams [Electronic Version]. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from http://www.med.wright.edu/aa/facdev/_ Files/PDFfiles/BeyondSmallGroups.pdfGallas, K. (1994). The Languages of Learning: New York: Teachers College Press.Harlen, W. (2001). Primary Science: Taking the Plunge: Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann,.Thier, M., & Daviss, B. (2002). The New Science Literacy: Using Language Skills to Help Students Learn Science: Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.Technology Education Association. (2000). Press Release 2000. Technology Education Association. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved April 11, 2008, from http://www.tae.eduTechnology Alliance’s Technology in Education Task Force. (1998). UPDATE OF   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   TECHNOLOGY ALLIANCE. Technology Alliance’s Technology in Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Task Force

How does globalisation impact on the management of Chinese firms Essay

How does globalisation impact on the management of Chinese firms - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the Chinese society is generally considered to be guided by traditional norms and values. The Chinese business culture is unique, traditional and conservative by nature. Chinese business culture is large influenced by the ‘guanxi’ system. According to this system, ‘special relationships’ are given exceptional preference for establishing business connections. Therefore, very close relationships (such as family relationships) receive special attention in the business world, while the level of importance declines with distance in the relationship among networking individuals. However, the business environment is changing fast at the global level and the Chinese business culture is also changing fast along with the changing pattern of global business. Before the economic crisis of 2008, China’s economy grew at the rate of more than 11 percent. In this context, it is imperative to identify the key thrust tha t gears up the economy. In China, there are three types of firms; large private-owned firms, large state-owned firms and small family-run (private owned) firms operating inside and outside the Chinese border. Globalization has cast a significant effect on the economic activities of the Chinese economy. The biggest trend can be noticed in the form of international expansion of the small privately owned Chinese firms. Globalization is the intricate concept that covers a vast area including the economy, business, financial structure, culture and society and overall development of the small and large business corporations. It is the result of intensified of global networks that improve interconnectedness among the different economic agents and within the sectors. Since the effect of globalization is varied, it casts different effects on the different sectors of the economy. Hence any singular aspect of globalization cannot describe this gigantic phenomenon. Through globalization, intera ction takes place among diverse communities that leads to exchange of cultural and commercial attributes. Domestic cultures and businesses of the emerging economies evolve, adapt and modernize along with the incoming flow of foreign culture and practices. Six different aspects of globalization can be identified through in-depth study of the characteristics of the Chinese economy and business activities. These aspects are mentioned below: Faster rate of capital and information flow Improvement in modes of interaction and intensification of different connections Expansion and extension of cultural, social and political practices Greater level of interdependence between the global and local landscapes Greater effect of the western culture and practices on emerging economies of the developing countries Customisation of foreign ideas according to values embedded in domestic economies All these factors affect the small privately owned family businesses in China. The major benefits receive d by small firms as a result of globalization are increased technological knowledge, better ways of production and cheaper products. Rate of flow of capital and information, labour and goods has increased as a result of globalization. This is because, under globalization, channels of communication have increased and have become highly advanced.

Ethical Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Article Analysis - Essay Example The banks will have expectations that loans are returned in full without default. The owners of the firm will expect that some black money is not being invested in their firm; they expect of the employees that their output or productivity matches their emoluments. They may have concerns as to there should not be wastage of resources and maximum production is being ensured at minimum cost. The consumers expect that they are charged reasonable prices for goods and services and firms are not seeking exorbitant profits. Moreover, consumers’ interests are not infringed by firms’ cartels or by price discrimination. General public will expect from firms that their operations are not detrimental for their health or not generating environmental pollution. The environmentalists concerns are that firms operations are not leading to ozone-layer depletion or loss of biodiversity. Government expectations are that corporate laws are not violated and firms pay taxes without evasion. Th e employees concerns are that they are paid fully for the services they render and there is no discrimination in salaries and promotions on the basis of sex differences or on any other ground. When so many different things from different quarters enter into the scene the financial decision will naturally be affected. In the business organization referred to in the article under consideration ethical concerns are categorized on the basis of the various publics with which the financial manager has to deal; these publics include the board of directors, the medical staff, vendors, regulatory agencies, employees, and consumers. A board of directors’ member interests may be in conflict with that of the organization due to his multiple roles; the board member may also represent an organization that is in competition with the institution for certain goods or services. Ethical concerns may also come up as a result

Employee Recruitment Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employee Recruitment Proposal - Assignment Example Considering the elaborate nature of activities of the company, this proposal seeks to request for hiring of more employees in order to boost efficiency and hence productivity of the company. The Need for Additional Employees There have been many complaints from employees about being assigned too many tasks. The employees are overworked and have a feeling that the company should employ more personnel to ease the current work burden. Employees have grown weary of putting too much effort on overtime. Besides, when critically evaluates the amount of money the company spends in paying dues for overtime performance, it is undisputable that the ultimate solution would be hiring additional staff, which will even help the company to cut down its operation costs. Hiring more employees is undoubtedly the best solution the problems facing the company. Hiring more workers would lower the present work burden on employees and increase their efficiency (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). By having a reasonabl e number of employees in the company, the output per work will greatly increase. The inefficiencies realized in the organization are as a result of strain by employees to get work done (Kleynhans, 2006). Because they are covering even for activities, which are supposed to be handled by other personnel who unfortunately have not been recruited, the workers have been complaining of stretching their efforts beyond reasonable limits to help attain organizational objectives. Coupled with the emphasize of meeting deadlines, it is quite challenging to achieve high standards in task performance when there is still a state of imbalance between the workforce of Beautiful & Handsome and its demanding tasks. From the company’s statistics, the average number of hours worked by employees in the past two financial periods is far much lower when compared with the first quarter of this fiscal year. For example, in the first six months of 2010/2011 financial period, the average hours worked by employees (200) was eight hours a day. This was the year when the company realized high production levels and hence high profits. When this is compared to the first six months of the trading period 2011/2012, the average working hours of employees is thirteen hours a day. This can indicate how strained the employees are and how they are overburdened with work. From the past performance records of the company, this is indeed the cause of high levels of inefficiency and low productivity in the company. Hiring new workers is crucial for the success of the organization. Besides easing off work burden from old employees, it will ensure inflow of new talents and skills into the company. Recruiting new employees will open avenues for hiring highly qualified personnel, who are crucial for the success of the organization. Hiring of new workers with adequate experience may reduced training costs and brings in innovative culture in the company thus providing a source of competitive advantage over rivals in the market. Employee Recruitment Budget The company should establish a recruitment program that contains budget estimates of money that is likely to be used in the recruitment process. The recruitment budget for twenty employees, it would cost around $ 2000 to $ 5500 per employee, factoring in all the expenses that are likely to

METFORMIN Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Assignment2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignment2 - Research Paper Example Most importantly, there are popular people in the world who get a lot of attention thus the whole society as a whole seeks to follow and fodder for their information. The term media in the simplest and most basic sense refers to the avenue where information is shared or passed from one source to the recipient. In the recent past, there have been changes, modifications, advancements and improvements in the fields and sectors of technology therefore the definition of media has changed. Accordingly, there has been the concept and notion of social media which encompasses avenues such as you tube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram where information is passed and shared uncensored and an unedited. This paper will thus look at the extent to which the media inclusive of the social media could influence the behavior of the teenage girls (Martin & Bush, 2000). In principle, this article and text will discuss and look into the exact ways in which the media affects behaviors of girls. In form of a hypothesis, this paper will explore how the media affects dress codes and fashion patterns or inclinations of teenage girls. Fashion also encompasses and covers the way in which a celebrity or a popular person poses to represent themselves and the background identity as a whole. A practical case and instance is the way Britney Spears did pose in magazines in 1999, the implication it had on the teen girls and what that instance or posing could influence and impact the behavior of girls. Tentatively, this research paper will be exploratory in nature, stemming from the fact that it does not have any static hypothesis which would be sought to be confirmed or disapproved. In principle, the research paper will be free-flowing and self-guiding, therefore the conclusion that would be made would be informed by facts and figures obtained in the course of the research paper. Given the nature of this research and study it would be proper to obtain first-hand information from the

Critical book review of How Democratic is the American Constitution by Essay

Critical book review of How Democratic is the American Constitution by Dahl - Essay Example reas where reforms and improvements can be brought about all these are mentioned and discussed in the book making up for the positive angle of the book. Extensive research undertaken towards the addressing of the different domains and angles and also supporting statements based on the facts and accounts from the history make up for another strength and positive of the book. The potential negatives that may be attributed against this book include the monotone and the technically hardcore angle of politics. It may be taken as relatively boring for those who may not have larger interest of following of the politics or the history of American political dynamics that have changed over period of time through the journey of centuries. The book covers the issues of different angles and domains adequately. The fact the book covers the areas that are the desire and wishes of the ordinary citizens of the America makes this book the best recipe towards the American political framework understanding. The second fact that the book also highlights the need of improvement and possible reforms based on which the constitution of America can be further reformed and revamped towards fulfilling the needs of modern times and modern world. The book makes claims and supports its claims based on the facts and events and accounts given from the past and the existing textual context of American constitution that is presently existent and in working. The issue that is often discussed and debated with regard to the autonomy and power sharing of Supreme Court of United States of America is also brought into discussion. The possible striking of balance between the different institutions of the American state also make up for the essential issue being discussed and mentioned in the book. The mention and the critical analysis of the Census undertaken early in the 21st century have also been highlighted and mentioned with regard to its significance and its overall impact on the political and

Landing site - Faxbroadcasting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Landing site - Faxbroadcasting - Essay Example You definitely know from your own experiences that people have a tendency to throw direct mail in waste basket very often without having a quick glance on the contents. But this kind of incident can not happen to a fax. Hence, the rate of response to fax is much greater than the response rate to direct mail. Due to the low cost of fax and higher response rate fax is becoming more and more popular. (INFAX, 2010; FAXMAILBROADCASTING, 2010; BROADFX, 2010). You just need to spend a fraction of money that you require to purchase a postage stamp. You will save your time as well as cost by sending your message through fax. Fax broadcasting also provides you higher return on your invested money. (FAXMAILBROADCASTING, 2010) IF you are running a business, they it is essential for you to build strong connection with your partners, customers, suppliers, etc. If you want to build an inexpensive, fast and effective communication with your clients or other people, fax broadcasting service will come to your great help. (ACCELERO Communications, 2010) You can also use fax broadcasting as an effective marketing tool of your products or services. As faxes can not get unnoticed by the recipients, your promotional messages will surely be noticed by your targeted customers. Since response rate is higher to fax, then it can be expected that marketing through fax broadcasting will bring you great response at very low cost.

Case Studies (Laura Martin) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Studies (Laura Martin) - Research Paper Example In the DCF analysis, the Net Present value has been calculated as the present value of the future net free cash inflows or the revenue of the business, minus the expenses, or the present value of the costs incurred (Mauboussin, 5). In most cases, these two are discounted using the company’s WACC (Stearns, 29). This assumption though made by Laura Martin is a flawed assumption. Mainly, free cash flows depend on the demand in the market, prices in the market, and other external factors in the market, with the market compensating firms; because of taking marketing risks (Chan et al, 3). In most cases, costs should be discounted at a rate higher than the risk free rate (Stearns, 3). This means that discounting the cash flows and the costs at similar rates will significantly reduce the costs; such actions would lead to overhaul of the firm (Chen et al, 3). Martin in these calculations used the beta approach, which measures the co-movements of firms’s equity prices of 1.07 in forecasting 10 years of cash flows in the market and which is affected by so many market variables (Mauboussin, 16). However, equity prices are unstable and change each time depending market business conditions. The multiple analyses assumed that the firm would realize the stated future sales revenue at the end of the forecast period (Chen et al, 3). Firms that have comparable acquisitions, particular in the same industry are used as a base in finding an appropriate range of multiples to use (Stearns, 24). Though multiples are very plausible, they have a problem in that there is no possibility of having a company that is comparable to Cox as firms do use various valuation approaches.. The ‘stealth- Tier’ can be incorporated into the DCF and the multiples analysis. The unused cable capacity of Cox communications can be included into the discounted cash flow analysis, through

GFP Bunny Essay Example for Free

GFP Bunny Essay Oswald Chambers once said that, We are in danger of forgetting that we cannot do what God does, and that God will not do what we can do (http://home. att. net/~quotesabout/god. html). In a society which is constantly making progress, human beings do not understand the repercussions of new scientific discoveries and often cross the delicate line of being human and playing God. Science gives us security as it is considered to be the cure to all evil. What eludes us is that in the act of eradicating this evil, we inadvertently bring into being a newer, more powerful evil. Victor Frankenstein, the focal character in Mary Shellys novel Frankenstein and Aylmer, the antagonistic character in Nathaniel Hawthornes short story The Birthmark both become so devoted in their pursuits of creation, that they forget their human limitations ending up with chaos and destruction. In the story, The Birthmark, Aylmer tells his newly wed wife that he is shocked by the birthmark on her face, as it is the visible mark of earthly imperfection (Hawthorne 1131). His thoughts and words hurt his wife greatly, which drives her to a point where she would rather die than live on another day with the hideous birthmark on her face. As Georgiana imparts on to her husband, her wish to get the birthmark removed once and for all, Aylmer is fueled to succeed at all costs. He rents out an extensive apartment where he observes Georgina and delves in a variety of natural philosophies so that he can remove her birthmark once and for all. Aylmer is so engrossed in playing God to remove a human imperfection so his wife can get rid of her mortal nature that he does not realize that he lacks the powers to make things around him flawless. It is this obsession, which eventually eradicates the birthmark. But along with the birthmark, a fair Georgiana becomes a martyr for her husbands cause. Similarly Victor Frankenstein, the character created by Mary Shelly, wishes to indulge in the secrets of heaven and earth (Shelley 45); however, despite having the intentions to banish disease from the human frame (Shelley 47), he is completely careless in accepting responsibilities for his creation. After his mothers death, Frankenstein becomes a victim of fate. It is fate coupled with his eternal thirst for knowledge that leads to the monsters creation. An ambitious Frankenstein eventually goes against Mother Nature by creating the monster. Frankenstein and Aylmers actions of creating life and beauty respectively parallel the nature of recent cloning efforts by the Clonaid Corporation. According to The Economist On December 27th Clonaid, a firm associated with the Raelians, a religious sect, announced that it had succeeded in producing the worlds first human clonean allegedly healthy baby girl called Eve, born to an unnamed American woman at an undisclosed location (61-62). Cloning has been going on for years and numerous animals have been cloned. Critics, skeptics and supporters have paid minimal attention to this sensitive subject because it has never affected our lives in a direct way. But as our own species are being cloned, we cant help but to stop and think about the implications of cloning. In sciences great pursuit to take over gods duties, one wonders whether creating clones is ethical and moral, not only to the clone that may suffer serious deformities but to the society it will be unleashed upon. Science is trying to create a life which they cannot govern later on as natures will eventually take over. Paranoid. Human Beings have always been inclined towards art and beauty. It is in our nature to lay emphasis on beauty and creation. It is something that mesmerizes us and wheels us into great depths. Art that is created naturally can be exquisite at times, but when our obsession with superficiality drives us to inject science into this artistic force, we are looking at a grotesque and unethical piece of creation. Aylmer was so fixated on his wifes beauty that he saw the birthmark as a sign of her mortal nature. He saw the birthmark as a symbol of imperfection, sorrow, decay and death; all things ugly. He is eager to remove the birthmark and tells Georgiana, his humble wife that he is convinced of the perfect practicability of its removal (Hawthorne 1132). Aylmer with his previous experiences at taming nature sees no reason why he should not further beautify his nearly perfect wife upon whom nature has placed its ugly stamp. Frankensteins creation The monster has also been judged at a superficial level from the very beginning. Following the birth of his creation, he instantly gives the monster a feeling of being on the outside of society. Victor responds to his creation by saying, I beheld the wretchthe miserable monster whom I had created (Shelley 61). It is his initial rejection which leads the monster to plead with Frankenstein: You, my creator, abhor me; what hope can I gather from your fellow-creatures, who owe me nothing? they spurn and hate me (Shelley 94). The creature struggles with the thought of being unwanted because of his grotesque looks. The monster was a benevolent creature, but as he was shunned by people for his external appearance, he turned miserable and vengeful.

Improving Organization Retention Paper Essay Example for Free

Improving Organization Retention Paper Essay Organizations often experiences staffing issues; therefore, one department will be asked to cover for another. However, these issues can be generated from several aspects within an organization such as staffing issues, financial issues, and organization retention. Subsequently, the organization administration must endeavor to sort out the best strategy to resolve these issues. In this particular paper the underlying issues involves staffing. â€Å"Strategies for improving the employee selection process include tracking recruitment sources; using realistic job previews (RJPs); using assessment tools and interviews to predict turnover; and hiring for fit and motivation (Barrick Zimmerman, p. 1 Para 6 2005). Moreover, an organization that implements a successful staffing approach will essentially establish a positive influence regarding employee retention. Nevertheless with this paper organization retention will be discussed in details, and work motivation theories will be applied to improve employee recruitment and retention at JC’s Casino. An examination of potential occupational stressors that are considered as a negative influence on recruitment and retention as well as a significant proposal will be demonstrated. Furthermore, the role of job satisfaction and its influence on retention at the casino, and recommendations for improving job satisfaction of the employees, and how that can play a part in successfully improving retention will be discussed. Ultimately, a discussing regarding counterproductive employee behavior occurring at the casino as well as what suggestions that would reduce the counterproductive behavior and increase productive employee behavior will be demonstrated as well. JC’s Casino This particular casino is in disarray as the result of unpredictable staffing issues, which essentially caused the casino dealers to leave. In fact, the dealers obtain employment with other casino that merely offered a lower wage rate in contrast to his or her former employment. Moreover, the casino housekeeping staff itself was experiencing issues because of the absenteeism and the high turnover of rooms. Consequently, this issue essentially impinged on other departments within the casino because of the required staff needed to manage the casino was lacking. Indeed, this concern did not impress the casino customers; in fact, it merely produced more chaos as the hotel had to adjust the check -in times, and hire additional staff to work in the luggage room. The customers who arrived earlier had to be accommodating as the organization policy entailed. However, the owner is unaware of the magnitude of the issues, which surrounds the casino itself. In essence, the owner merely knows of the specifics such as the dealers was dropping off like flies, and casino customers were becoming increasingly displeased regarding the untimely check-in transformation. Following, these issues and the whole story enlighten; one could understand why this particular organization desires urgent assistance as a means to improving the organization retention. Motivation Work theories One of motivation work theories that will be employed involves the Douglas McGregor’s X-Y Theory. Douglas McGregor (1906-1964) was the creator of one of the leading exceptional management theories without comparison. He hypothesized that a management position is considered as one of the most significant position within a corporation. In essence, he proposed that it was the manager responsibility to encourage and unveil the vast creative capability within people. McGregor introduced two significant forms of management approaches, which essentially started the development of his X and Y theories: the authoritarian and the participative. The Theory X authoritarian management style, employees are inherently lazy, and the individual would generally have to be forced to work. Nonetheless, under the Theory Y participative management style, employees would discover work as favorable. McGregor also emphasize that, under the proper management, all employees are naturally Theory Y employees (Kallio, 2006). The X Theory is primarily centered on a fashion of management and leadership that is authoritarian, whereas the Y Theory tends to employ more constructive aspects of leadership. Consequently, McGregor’s theory can relate to JC’s Casino situation as it expresses organization development. The Y Theory will allow the staff members to make progress and advance. This way of thinking, in view of this aspect it would be a plus to employ as a means to enhance recruitment and retention within The JC’s Casino. To embark on this journey first, the Y Theory will permit the manager to support employees’ incentives in place of reprimand and demerits. The Y Theory managers deem that each employee like work, and work for the good of the organization, which generates capitalization on competency between the employees. The Y Theory manager would give employees the chance of an independence of creativeness, which would form motivated and faithful employees who appreciate his or her job. The Y Theory managers also work toward building meaningful and productive relationships with their employees. These managers contend with McGregor understanding that the responsibility of management is to allow their employees to express their vast creative potential (Skidmore, 2006). One significant aspect, the Y manager would offer an open dialog with employees and other departments and through displaying leadership by leading with example. Domination and reprimand are not always the best, and the only method to create profitable workplace. In fact, the work itself should be asked and not commanded as a manager subscribing to the X Theory would be more likely to perform. However, the success of either of these theories would essentially depend on -the -job as well as the individual. Some people require unvarying direction and others will excel with little or no direction. In essence, it would fall back on what the individuals work best with regarding Theory X and Theory Y would come into play motivational wise. Another significant theory is called the Z theory founded by William Ouchi. This particular theory is identified as the â€Å"Japanese Challenge† within the management, which is employs the Y Theory and modern Japanese management principals. Although the employee within this theory must have the proper mind-set at all times for tasks with complete liability regarding the ultimate result of tasks. â€Å"Nevertheless, Theory Z essentially advocates a combination of all thats best about theory Y and modern Japanese management, which places a large amount of freedom and trusts with workers, and assumes that workers have a strong loyalty and interest in team-working and the organization. An individual behavior and environment can change unexpectedly; thus, this particular theory lacks the strength, and direction contrasting to the McGregor X-Y theory that involves great motivational suggestions and reasoning. Occupational Stressors JC’s Casino organization have a high stress level profession as well as a high stress level that often surfaces between employees. This type of environment entails customers who are commonly inebriated and often irritated; thus, workers must intervene if necessary. Consequently, recruitment and retention should be meticulous because a casino environment can be challenging and not for everyone. According to researcher’s casinos that implement Anger Management courses that include procedures for recognizing and managing stress, which displayed a higher results regarding employee contentment (Internet Reference, Anger Stress in Casinos-www.andersonservices.com). Role of Job Satisfaction To implement employee satisfaction the primary focus would be directed toward researching other successful casino such as Ki-Joon Back, a Korean casino. This casino successfully has applied an employee job satisfaction and organizational assertion. The Korean casino embarks on requiring the employees to engage in a survey questionnaire; consequence aided management by enhancing the condition of employee satisfaction. Moreover, this type of method can be employed within JC’s Casino with the same results. One must first follow- up on the results such as provide ongoing training, health care benefits, and maintain an open dialog with employees. Each aspect should be permanent to ensure employee satisfaction, recruitment as well as retention. Furthermore, the organization should also present employees with necessary supplies according to the resources. When employees are provided with the required supplies it will create a better atmosphere and enhance self-respect and retention. It is significant to bear in mind that integrity generally starts on the top of administration and can seep into the workers (Internet Reference, CQX.com-Cornell Hospitality Quarterly Management). Employee Behavior According to Global Gaming Business regarding employee’s behavior within type of environment by which it emphasizes that when counterproductive behavior occurs in a casino the management should tackle the issue immediately as well as the peoples involved instead evading the situation. Casino policy should be made unquestionably and sincerely to employees who in turn create an appreciation amid management and staff. Management must be the voice of logic when dealing with rumor or complex concerns. Management must take the led to sort out personally grievances and issues on the floor during his or her shift, and one should by no means leave issues unresolved. However, JC’s Casino has two key vital focal points here concerning behavior perceived as counterproductive, which starts with Joe, the tyrannical pit boss, and the above rate of absenteeism among the housekeepers. Management must correct the issue with Joe; in fact, he needs to be taught that his method of working and dealing with his coworkers is causing counterproductive. His behavior is essentially causing the employees to perform inadequately, and resulting in employees to leave the casino. Joe must be retrained and needs to from this point on apply a Y Theory approach in which he works with his employees instead of his former method. In case for some reason he refuses or cannot adjust management must consider reinstating him or shifting him to a position because his behavior is not complimentary to the organization. Another point counterproductive to the company is the above rates of housekeepers as absent from work. The casino pays a fair wage, but because of the shortage of staff the housekeepers undergoing overworked and underappreciated beliefs. The casino needs to employ a new management agenda in which the managers had a better mentality and could create an enhanced working environment for the employees. Conclusion Indeed, based on this finding manager knowledge, skills, and abilities are highly necessary. A management position is considered as one of the most significant position within a corporation. The JC Casino entails numerous significant facets and layers that could be perceived as challenging and are causes for concern. If management maintains this model, change decision-making methods and mindsets, aid employees with healthier working conditions and with respect. This will lead to longer retention and will eventually lead to a better more efficient recruitment process, which will aid the JC Casino as it continues to soar, and becomes profitable. Management must correct the issue with Joe; in fact, he needs to be taught that his method of working and dealing with his coworkers is causing counterproductive. Ultimately, the corporation expects the manager to be prepared to work harder, and to put forth more effort than the others leading by the example. The effectiveness of either of these theories would ultimately come to depend on- the- job and the workers. References Barrick, M. R. Zimmerman, R. D. (2005). Reducing voluntary, avoidable turnover through selection. Global Gaming Business Vol.9. No. 2, (Internet Reference, CQX.com-Cornell Hospitality Quarterly Management. (Internet Reference, Anger Stress in Casinos-www.andersonservices.com (Internet Reference, Motivational theories-www.businessballs.com. (Internet Reference, http://www.businessballs.com/mcgregor.htm. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 159-166. Retrieved April 4, 2011 Kallio, B. (2006). Mcgregor, Douglas. Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration. Retrieved on April 4, 2011, from http://www.sage-ereference.com/edleadership/Article_n368.html Skidmore, M. (2006). Theory X, Theory Y. Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration. Retrieved on April 4, 2011 from, http://www.sage-ereference.com/edleadership/Article_n566.html /

Aphrodisiac Activity of Vigna Mungo Seeds

Aphrodisiac Activity of Vigna Mungo Seeds Pharmacological Evalution of The Potential Aphrodisiac Activity of Methanolic and Chloroform Extracts of Vigna mungo Seeds in Male Albino Rats Ravindra Babu Sajja, Eknath Royal P, Suneetha B, Sunanda S ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to investigate the aphrodisiac activity of methanolic and chloroform extracts of seeds of Vigna mungo (MEVM and CEVM) in male albino rats. The aphrodisiac activity of MEVM and CEVM wasevaluated by observing sexual behavioral parameters including Mount frequency (MF), Mount latency (ML), Ejaculatory latency (EL), Intromission latency (IL), Intromission frequency (IF), Ejaculation frequency (EF) and Post ejaculatory interval (PEI) and biochemical parameter like serum testosterone concentration in male rats. Both extracts were administered orally at doses of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, showed a significant increase (P Vigna mungo. Keywords: Vigna mungo, Aphrodisiac, Flavonoids, Testosterone, Sexual behavior INTRODUCTION Male infertility is a world-wide medical and social problem. In Homo sapiens, reproduction is initiated by the mating of a male with a female in sexual intercourse which facilitates the coming together of sperm and egg for the purpose of fertilization1. For there to be a normal sexual intercourse and sexual fulfillment in males, the male sexual organs (the copulatory organ, the penis) and factors relating to erection must function normally. Inability to perform this function effectively is a major problem facing the reproductive process. This is known as sexual dysfunction2.This condition which is of various types can be managed by the use of aphrodisiacs. An aphrodisiac can therefore be described as any substance that enhances sex drive or sexual pleasure. Aphrodisiac can also be viewed as any food, drug, scent or device that can arouse or increase sexual drive or libido3. Sexual dysfunction in men refers to repeated inability to achieve normal sexual intercourse. It can also be viewed as disorders that interfere with a full sexual response cycle. These disorders make it difficult for a person to enjoy or to have sexual intercourse. While sexual dysfunction rarely threatens physical health, it can take a heavy psychological toll, bringing on depression, anxiety, and debilitating feelings of inadequacy. Unfortunately, it is a problem often neglected by the health care team who strive more with the technical and more medically manageable aspects of the patient’s illness4.Sexual dysfunction is more prevalent in males than in females, It has been discovered that men between 17 and 96 years old could suffer sexual dysfunction as a result of psychological or physical health problems5. Male sexual dysfunction (MSD) could be caused by various factors. These include: psychological disorders (anxiety, strained relationship, depression, stress and guilt), androgen deficiencies (testosterone deficiency), chronic medical conditions (diabetes, hypertension, vascular insufficiency (atherosclerosis, venous leakage), neurological disorders (Parkinson’s disease, stroke, cerebral trauma, Alzheimer’s spinal cord or nerve injury), drugs (side effects) (anti-hypertensive’s, central agents, psychiatric medications, antiulcer, antidepressants, and anti-androgens), life style (chronic alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking), aging (decrease in hormonal level with age) and systemic diseases (cardiac, hepatic, renal pulmonary, cancer, metabolic, post-organ transplant)2,6,7. Vigna mungo most commonly known as Black gram or urad is an erect, fast-growing annual, herbaceous legume grows in many parts of India. It is extensively cultivated all over the India. The seeds are emollient, astringent, thermogenic, diuretic, aphrodisiac, nutritious, galactogauge, appetizer, laxative, styptic and nervine tonic. They are useful in treating scabies, leucoderma, gonorrhea, pains, epistaxis, piles, asthma, heart trouble, dyspepsia, anorexia, constipation, haemorrhoids, hepatopathy, neuropathy, schizophrenia, hysteria, nervous debility, partial paralysis, facial paralysis and weakness of memory. Seeds are believed as spermatopoetic, and used for treating erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation8-11. In this regard, we undertook the present study on Vigna mungo which has been in use by the traditional healers. So far there is no systemic pharmacological study were carried out to investigate the aphrodisiac activity of vigna mungo seeds in male rats. Hence, the present study was aimed to demonstrate the aphrodisiac activity of different extracts of vigna mungo seeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of Plant material The dried seeds of Vigna mungo plant were procured from the local market of Hyderabad in telangana state. The seeds were authenticated by Dr. S. Madhav chetty, Associate Professor, Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India. Procurement and Rearing of Experimental animals Healthy wistar Albino rats of both the sex (200-300 g) were procured from Albino Research Center, hyderabad. They were randomly housed in standard polypropylene cages and maintained under environmentally controlled room provided with a 12:12 h light/dark cycle approximately 25 ºC for 10days before the start of experiment12,13. They were fed with commercially available pellet diet obtained from Amruth foods, Pranav Agro Industries, Sangli, India and water was allowed ad libitum.The rats were acclimatized to laboratory conditions minimum one week prior to the experimentation. The study was performed as per the protocols and recommendation of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (Reg No:1662/PO/a/CPCSEA,2013) of Malla Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Secunderabad. Preparation of plant Extract The dried seeds of Vigna mungo was powdered and subjected to soxhlet extraction with methanol, later the dried mark was subjected to soxhlet extraction with chloroform. Both extracts were concentrated by vacuum distillation and subjected to phytochemical screening. Experimental design Healthy and sexually experienced male albino rats (200– 300 g) that were showing brisk sexual activity were selected for the study. They were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each and kept singly in separate cages during the experiment. Group 1 represented the control group, which received 10 ml/kg of distilled water orally. Group 2 served as standard and was given suspension of sildenafil citrate orally at the dose of 5 mg/kg, 1 h prior to the commencement of the experiment. Groups 3–6 received suspension of the methanolic and chloroform extracts of Vigna mungo seed orally at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, daily for 21 days at 18:00 h. Since the male animals should not be tested in unfamiliar circumstances the animals were brought to the laboratory and exposed to dim light at the stipulated time of testing daily for 6 days before the experiment. The female animals were artificially brought into oestrus phase (as the female rats allow mating only during the estrus phase). They were administered suspension of ethinyl oestradiol orally at the dose of 100 ÃŽ ¼g/animal 48 h prior to the pairing plus progesterone injected subcutaneously, at the dose of 1 mg/animal 6 h before the experiment. The receptivity of the female animals was confirmed before the test by exposing them to male animals, other than the control, experimental and standard animals. The most receptive females were selected for the study. The experiment was carried out on the 21st day after commencement of the treatment of the male animals. The experiment was conducted at 20:00 h in the same laboratory and under the light of same intensity. The receptive f emale animals were introduced into the glass cages (40x50x40cm) of male animals with 1 female to 1 male ratio. The observation for sexual behaviour was immediately commenced and continued for first 2 mating series. The test was terminated if the male failed to evince sexual interest. If the female did not show receptivity she was replaced by another artificially warmed female. The following sexual behavioral parameters were recorded on audio video-cassette (Sony Handycam) as soon as they appeared14-17 Mount latency: Time duration (in seconds) from the introduction of the female into the cage till the first mount by the male. Intromission latency: Time duration (in seconds) from the introduction of the female into the cage till the first intromission by the male (vaginal penetration). Ejaculation latency: Time duration (in seconds) from the first intromission till ejaculation. Mount frequency:defined as the number of mounts without intromission from the time of introduction of the female until ejaculation. Intromission frequency: Total number of intromission preceding ejaculation. Ejaculation frequency: The number of times there was expulsion semen by males after vaginal penetration –characterized by rhythmic contraction of the posterior abdomen. Post-ejaculatory interval- is the time interval between ejaculation and the first intromission of the following series Determination of Serum Cholesterol and Testosterone: After recording of the sexual behavioral parameters, blood samples were collected from retro orbital plexus, centrifuged and serum was separated, samples stored at-200C which was used for the testosterone level estimation by using ELISA kit. Serum cholesterol concentrations may be determined by the Chod-PAP method18,19. Briefly, 0.02cm3 of the sample (serum) is mixed with 2.00cm3 of working reagent and the absorbance of the resulting mixture read after 5min at 546nm wavelength. The blank and standard are composed in a similar way except that they are replaced with 0.02cm3 each of distilled water and standard solution respectively. The biochemical estimations were done using respective kits. Statistical analysis The data obtained from this study were expressed as mean  ± SEM, (n=6). Statistical analysis was done by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s test. P RESULTS The preliminary phytochemical screening of both the extracts revealed the presence of active constituents which includes alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols and steroids (table-1). The oral administration of two doses (200mg/kg, 400mg/kg) of methanolic and chloroform extracts of Vigna mungo seed resulted remarkable increase in sexual activity of the male rats. The results of the sexual behavior test shows that the extracts of vigna mungo seed (methanol and chloroform) at the dose of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, significantly increased (pvigna muno seed. Table-1: Preliminary phytochemical screening of MEVM and CEVM of Vigna mungo seed + indicates the presence ++ indicates better response Table 2: Effect of Methanolic and Chloroform seed extracts of Vigna mungo on sexual behavior of male rats. Values are expressed as mean  ± S.E.M. (n=6). a= P b = P ML=Mount latency; IL= Intromission latency; EL= Ejaculatory latency; MF= Mount frequency; IF= Intromission frequency; EF= Ejaculatory frequency; PEI= Post ejaculatory interval; MEVM= Methanolic extract of Vigna mungo, CEVM=Chloroform extract of Vigna mungo. Table 3: Effect of Methanolic and Chloroform seed extracts of Vigna mungo on testosterone concentration in male rats Values are expressed as mean  ± S.E.M.(n=6). a= P b = P DISCUSSION Male impotence or erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant problem that may contribute to infertility. The incidence of erectile dysfunction, probably due to aging populations and other risk factor such as the presence of chronic illnesses (e.g. heart disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus), smoking, stress, alcohol, drug abuse and sedentary lifestyles. A number of synthetic drugs are available for treating the infertility problems but because of their unwanted side effects folk remedies are gaining importance. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the aphrodisiac effects of methanolic and chloroform extracts of Vigna mungo seedin male rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening study of both the extracts revealed the presence of active constituents which includes alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, and steroids. It has been reported that steroids and saponin constituents found in the many plants possess fertility potentiating properties, and useful in the treatment of impotence20. The saponins may therefore boost the level of testosterone in the body as well as trigger libido enhancing effect observed in this study21. The presence of flavonoids in the Vigna mungoextract which has been implicated to have a role in altering androgen levels may also be responsible for the enhanced male sexual behaviour in this study22. The alkaloids can also cause facilitation of sexual behaviour and has effect on sexual behaviour23. The improvement in sexual function demonstrated in the current study might be due to the presence of such compounds in Vigna mungoseed extracts. In the present study the sexual behavioral parameters were evaluated to estimate the potency of the Vigna mungo extract. In male rats mount latency and intromission latency are considered as indicators of the sexual motivation, where as intromission and ejaculation are considered as behavioural indication of sexual performance and facilitation24. There was a significant decrease in the latency for mount and intromission by the administration of various doses of seed extract of vigna mungo indicating an enhancing sexual motivation. The methanol and chloroform extracts have shown pronounced effect on sexual behavior by significant increase in mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF) as compared to control. Mounting frequency (MF) and intromission frequency (IF) are considered the indices of both libido and potency. Increase in these frequencies by the administration of the seed extracts might be due to increase in the concentration of several anterior pituitary hormones and serum testosterone, which in turn stimulated dopamine receptor synthesis and sexual behavior 25. Such increase in testosterone concentration should normally reflect a corresponding increase in libido 26.Hence, from these results the aphrodisiac effect of the plant extract may be due to the presence of alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids through a multitude of central and peripheral mechanisms. In the present study there is a significant increase serum cholesterol concentration which may imply stimulation in the steroid genesis, that leads to increased testosterone concentration27. Such increase in testosterone concentration should normally reflect a corresponding increase in libido26 . The present finding shows that the methanolic and chloroform seed extracts of vigna mungo produces a striking enhancement of over- all sexual performance of male rats. Our findings also showed that the aphrodisiac effect of vigna mungo seeds extract, investigated in male rats at 400 mg/kg, which significantly reduced ML, IL, EL and PEI with increased MF, IF and EF. CONCLUSION On the basis of our results the present study revealed that the methanolic and chloroform extracts of seeds of Vigna mungo showed the aphrodisiac activity and it is dose dependent in male rats. From this we conclude that the Vigna mungo seed extract may prove to be an effective and safe alternative remedy in sexual disorders. . 1

Social Conflicts in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn – Social Conflicts    Mark Twain was known as a humorist and in fact, humor was a tool he used to strengthen his points about what he saw as the major problems of the day.   Living at the time of the Civil War, he clearly saw and chose to address such problems as slavery, child abuse, religion and feuds.   In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain expresses his loathing for some of these serious social problems and yet in general, he never loses his humorous touch.   Nonetheless, when he deals with the ills of society that particularly anger him, he chooses not to use humor; rather this is reserved for other areas of his work.    One of the social problems that Mark Twain addresses in Huckleberry Finn is child abuse.   Huck is abused by Pap many times during the book and is even locked into a cabin by Pap.   Pap also tries to steal Huck's six thousand dollars, and beats Huck frequently, which results in Huck running away.   Pap puts down the idea of Huck getting an education.  Ã‚   Twain does use humor in his descriptions of some of the interactions between Pap and Huck.   For example, the scene when Pap agrees to reform and stop drinking, but ends up getting drunk and falling over is actually funny, but tells us a lot about Pap's character.   Twain generally found the kind of behavior he described through the character of Pap to be disgusting, and by painting a humorous picture of the situation he emphasized his dislike of it.   The humor perhaps made Pap seem even less sympathetic.    Another social problem that Mark Twain addresses in the book is slavery and treatment of black people in general.   Jim, who is a black slave, is treated like a piece of property.   For example, he is forced to practice Christianity, which actually seems to be the opposite of Christian values.   Jim is also forcefully separated from his family and has no legal recourse to get them back.   Jim is very superstitious, and Huck, who knows this, puts a dead snake, (representing bad luck) at the bottom of Jim's bed and Jim gets bitten.   Even Huck, at this point in the book, threats Jim as less than human.

Greek and Roman Influence in Psychology Essay -- essays research paper

Greek and Roman Influence in Psychology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Virtually every branch of knowledge, as we know it today, came from particularly two powerful empires of the ancient past, which are the Greek and Roman Empire. Although there were other civilizations, such as the Arabs and the Mayans, that made progress in knowledge, especially mathematics, the Greeks and Romans have been more recognized for the development of other branches of knowledge. The Greeks and Romans have been known to be the promoters of the natural sciences and philosophy. Psychology stemmed from philosophy. Unlike philosophy, however, it encompassed the techniques of the natural sciences. Psychology seemed to be the link between philosophy and the sciences back then.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main concern of the discipline of psychology in ancient times was the â€Å"[speculation of] the nature and locus of the mind, sensation and perception, memory, and learning†. There existed a strong connection between psychology and medicine, physiology, and neurology. The purpose of psychology, for the ancient physicians and philosophers, was to describe its procedures and demeanor in terms of science (e.g. medicine). In order to understand the emergence of psychology, the advances in medicine in these ancient cultures must be discussed. That way, one can see how psychology was linked to each one of them, in one way or the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early Greek medicine was more of a divine matter. It was believed that the God Asclepius was the god of medicine. Priests would live at his temples and claimed they knew the ways of healing people. It was not until around 500 B.C., a Greek physician named Alcmaeon began to dissect animals to observe their skeleton, muscles, and brain. This was most probably the first ever to describe a phenomenon through objective observations. Through his observations, he believed that illness was due to an imbalance in the body. This idea prevailed for many centuries in the history of medicine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hippocrates succeeded Alcmaeon and rejected the superstitious ideas of priests being the only healers. He founded a medical school and taught his students that since disease came from something natural, it must be treated by natural means. He believed that the body was able to heal itself by the power of healing of nature... ...atharsis. Today, psychology uses the catharsis theory to see how the happenings around us have the effect they do. Some psychologists, however, disagree that what we see causes catharsis, but imitation. The debate is still being held.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A long period of time lies between Ancient Greece and Rome and today’s society. However, the same questions formulated by the ancients are still a mystery today. It seems quite odd that after many years, man has been unable to describe what occurs around him and in him. What has been done throughout the centuries, though, is the improvement and modification of these theories Still, it shall never be forgotten that the Ancient Greeks and Romans were the first to come up with such theories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bringmann, Wolfgang G. (1997). A Pictorial History of Psychology. Quintessence Publishing Co: New York, New York.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corsini, Raymond J. (1994). Encyclopedia of Psychology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc: New York, New York.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hothersall, David. (1995). History of Psychology. 4th ed. McGraw Hill Co: New York, New York.

HIV Treatments and Reducing Drug Resistance Essay -- Biology Medical B

HIV Treatments and Reducing Drug Resistance Abstract HIV is a retrovirus that will constantly attack human’s immune system once an individual is infected and will eventually develop to AIDS, often a deadly sexually transmitted disease. Currently, there are different kinds of antiretroviral treatments available for patients who are tested to be HIV positive as well as patients with AIDS. HIV can easily develop resistance to its treatment through mutation each generation, which leads to ineffectiveness in treatment. The only way to continue to fight off HIV is to change treatment that is still available. Patients have to cooperate with experienced doctors by adhering to their professional recommendations, while doctors are responsible for closely monitoring the patient’s conditions through test results and their body’s response to treatment, as well as helping them to live healthily without serious damage to their immune system over a long period of time. Human Immunodeficiency Virus, commonly known as HIV, is the retrovirus that causes a desperate worldwide epidemic that afflicts human beings – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, abbreviated as AIDS. When the body is infected with HIV, the immune system will respond by making antibodies to fight against this particular infection (AIDS.org, 2003). As a result, to determine whether a person is infected, a sample of blood is extracted and the test will look for antibodies fighting against HIV. This kind of blood test is known as HIV testing. Even though HIV is the actual cause of AIDS, a person who is positive in the HIV Testing does not necessarily mean that the person has AIDS (AIDS.org, 2004). When a person is infected with HIV, the virus will gradually damage the immune sys... ...s.org/factSheets/102-HIV-Testing/html AIDS.Org. (2004, August). Immune Restoration Overview. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/470-Immune-Restoration-Overview.html AIDS.Org. (2004, September). Opportunistic Infections. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/500-Opportunistic-Infections.html AIDS.Org. (2004, March). Viral Load Tests. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/125-Viral-Load-Tests.html AIDS.Org. (2003, November). What is AIDS?. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/101-What-is-AIDS.html Avert.Org. (2005, July). Continuing Antiretroviral Treatment. Continuing HIV Treatment. July 21, 2005: www.avert.org/couttrt.htm The Body. (2003, April). Living with HIV/AIDS. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. July 17, 2005: www.thebody.com/cdc/living.html

Into The Wild Essay

Into the Wild is the true story of Chris McCandless, an unrealistic risk-taker who died in Alaska near Denali National Park after hiking alone unprepared. Journalist Jon Krakauer wrote this story as one of courage; however, many Alaskans considered it one of arrogance and foolish self-absorption. Chris grew up in wealthy Annandale, Virginia, his parents both successful federal consultants. Strong-willed and intensely idealistic, he amassed physical skills as if training to become Superman. As captain of the high school cross-country team, he drove them as â€Å"Road Warriors† in overly demanding training. Disenchanted with Annandale materialism, Chris dropped out of society, refusing to become a cog in a societal machine and feeling that man can live without machines and society. He declined Phi Beta Kappa membership, named himself Alexander Supertramp and went to Alaska. Influenced by London and Thoreau, he planned to live outdoors by his wits, not learning anything about Alaska first (he felt he knew enough). Because of the amount of corruption in US society and the dishonest dealings I’ve seen in every job I have ever worked, I want to drop out like Chris. However, Chris’s grandiose self-image overtook his idealism, preventing him from thinking to prepare for an Alaskan adventure. He committed suicide by stupidity, because he was educated enough to know to prepare himself. He died just 20 miles from the Parks Highway in the summertime, because he had no map or compass. I feel that technology is full of tool that I can use, and I will run it, but not allow it to run me or allow others to run me into the ground in a meaningless job that uses technology. Thus, I would use technology to prepare myself to live well without the stress, via telecommuting perhaps. Ray Krok ruined this nation with his â€Å"fast food† mentality in which you hire people at minimum wage, run them as hard as you can, and fire them when they get tired. I saw that my first day on a job at McDonalds and that changed my life forever. That mentality is now everywhere in the workplace. I want to drop out of this society, but I will use technology to do so, not walk into a wilderness unprepared. The internet and libraries house anything I want to learn, and I will do so. Chris was not able to form long-term relationships. He hated his parents for being cogs in the federal machine, and rejected advice and offers of supplies from Alaskan friends. This resulted in a lonely, painful, and preventable death. However, I am will not repeat his mistakes. Chris had assumed he could forage for food and hunt game forever, but decided to leave. However, he found his trail blocked by the rushing Teklanika River in its summer cycle. He could have found that out at the library. His body was found in the sleeping bag his mother made. Krakauer believes Chris died from eating the wild potato seeds that contain an alkaloid that prevents the body from using much-needed glucose. Had he prepared himself with research, he could have survived. Instead, he wasted not only a moose he shot and could not use, but also his own life, and hurt his friends and family by rejecting them. Using technology today, I feel this is not necessary. I can work alone on a computer and relate to others with a cell phone or on the internet, so I can drop in and out almost at will and I will be satisfied with that. REFERENCES Jon Krakauer, Jon. Into The Wild. Anchor. 1997.

Boxing as a Metaphor

A delineation perhaps, could be considered as one(a) of the most potent medium in the field of communication. Creativity, per se, is a major factor in feeler up with this kind of output. Not e trulyone is authorize that sense of creativity and at the equal time, substance that would cater a must- foregather cinema for both. Also, in coming up with a read, a drive maker has in all the room to incorporate underlying themes or messages in the record being produced.Some of the picture palace makers squander been successful in utilise this techniques, some, meanwhile, were non able to make their reference realize that their motion pictures had something say beyond the explicit objects and situations in the film. Two of the films which incorporated similes or underlying themes on it argon ecstasy of the smack and the Boxer and Death. The two principally foc apply on the liveness of the protagonists with resemblance to incase. Boxing was employd as a form of metaph or in the verbalise films. Triumph of the Spirit An OverviewThe Triumph of the Spirit was based on a accredited level of a boxer which took outrank during a Holocaust it was released in 1989. enjoin by Robert Young, it was the first ever film to be shot in the destruction multitude of Auschwitz. Every detail was vividly shown in the film. Every detail was presented accuratelyfrom the bread thrown into their dinner plates up to the wooden shoes that were worn by the prisoners. The picture show is a true story focused on an Auschwitz c at oncentration camp inmate named Salmo Arouch. Salmo, who was a boxing champion, was forced to be involved in a series of boxing bouts which tallied cc win-or-die contests. encase AS A metaphor paginate2 The contest was ideaualized by the camps guards as they see it as a form of entertainment. The movie was inflexible during the Holocaust of the Second man War which foundation be considered as one of the darkest parts of the modern histor y. The movie was made in the superlative interpretation of authenticity. The film was basically about a boxer named Salamo (played by William Dafoe). He was a Greek Jew who was sent to Auschwitz who almost died in the hands of the national socialist who captured him. He did not die as the Nazi intentional that he was a champion boxer.The Nazi captors, seeking for some sort of entertainment, set a Boxing match, wherein Salamo won. The boxing matches act with money involved. At least once a week, the Nazi captors would gather to beverage and eat and overly to watch their prisoners lumber one another. Salamo was stuck in a very difficult situation. He would accidentally push down his opponent during bouts, or else, he himself would die. nonp beil of the camps gypsy prisoners (played by Edward James Olmos) appeared to be a synthetic heroin who would engage himself in a caustic market mainly focused on persuasion and bribery.Later, he became involved in Salamos plan to econom ize his fore start in the prison. Unfortunately, the name of Salamos father was included in the list of those who would in brief disappear. And when Salamo asked him if there anything that he could do to save his father, he merely replied, Nothing, unless someone can be found to take his confide. incase AS A METAPHOR pageboy3 The next predictable background was that Salamo offered himself to replace his father. He volunteered that his name be included in the list of those who would curtly disappear instead of his father.But he neer authentically pushed through his plan. Only a few of the detainees of the Nazi captors managed to persist the Holocaust. Of course, numerous of them just chose to die instead of invariable the pain of the torture that had happened. But those who did not want to die, died anyway. Salamo managed to survive the Holocaust for he won enough fights during the boxing contests. The title of the movie was dubbed as The Triumph of the Spirit. Where did the concept of triumph become evident in the film? Salamo received his own triumph in the expense of his opponents.Another flaw that could be inferred in the movie is that it never sincerely introduced the other charactersnot even those who had substantial roles. They were not even given their single names. Basically, Triumph of the Spirit showed the horrors that can be inferred from the Holocaust part of the Second manhood War. Triumph of the Spirit Boxing as a Metaphor Although boxing was not really the focus of the film, boxing was used to convey underlying themes and messages by the film maker. Salmo was a boxer during one of the darkest stages of the modern history.The story evolved on repression and pace that happened among the prisoners perpetuated by the Nazi. BOXING AS A METAPHOR PAGE4 The intellectual of the film would entail a messiness of creativity and a deeper comprehension of what was really the main point of the film. Basically, the main and unequivocal th eme of the movie was survival of the fittest. choice of the fittest would best describe that 200 win-or-die contest. The slow-wittedness camp appeared to be a place where you have only two choicesto push to live or to accept death.That is, if you are strong enough to beat and overcome your fellow inmates. Boxing appeared to be a manifestation of the cruelty and brutality that happened in the concentration camp. The movie in any case reflected a significant part of the history where the detainees of the Nazi captors had to go through all the blow that the circumstance had to offer. Disappointingly, the movie also visualised an individualist theme. In order for Salamo to survive he had to unintentionally kill his opponents who were also his co-inmates. Those who would not win the bouts were subjected to execution.The movie also assumed that the viewers were already orient of the basics of the Holocaust. Boxing represents the struggles that the characters had to go through. d espite the flaws that could be observed in the film, the film maker was creative enough to use boxing as a metaphor in the movie. Boxing, aside from the struggles, could also indicate as a defense chemical mechanism against the Nazi captors. Boxing was portrayed as something which could save ones life. In the case of Salamo, boxing became his breathing apparatus. BOXING AS A METAPHOR PAGE5If not because of boxing, he might have died and his bouts did not reach to 200. Amazing how the film maker was able to come up with a metaphor that the viewers could bear into. In life, just like in boxing, we have to get up whenever we are punched down. We have to maximize all the means that we have for us to survive. Ironically, the opponents of Salamo perhaps sensory faculty the hardships and problems that he had during the Holocaust era. Although quite inhumane, the bouts represented his winning over the predicaments that he had to face. His experience about boxingor life rathermade him survive all of these.

Abortion in the United States Essay

There are two sorts of abortions.Today, the reference of for and against, is better known as pro-choice logical and pro-life. Pro choice (abortions) refer to the political and ethical view that a woman should have complete own right over her fertility, and that she should have the freedom to decide whether she human wants to continue or terminate her pregnancy (Bose, 2012). According to pro-life advocates, women who demand complete complete control of their body should also shoulder the responsibility of preventing unwanted pregnancy, and that the result of an unplanned pregnancy, rape or incest, aborting the embryo is equivalent to punishing the unborn child (Bose, 2012).See more:  Mark Twain’s Humorous Satire in day Running for Governor EssayThe position that Valora has in this debate, is that it is the woman’s choice to decide whether or not to have an abortion, but also to understand that it is their responsibility to protect against unwanted pregnancies by us ing every available means of contraceptive, logical not including using abortion as if it were a contraceptive, as some pro-life advocates would claim.Its a growing debate among Americans.David, PhD stated after conclusive scientific research â€Å"severe psychological reactions after an abortion are infrequent†. The best indicator of your mental feelings after an abortion is to realize your feelings and mental health prior to the abortion. (ProChoice.org).

Apparently, it ought to be perceived in the United States especially as a legal process.Some believe women who decide to have abortions will come down keyword with â€Å"Post-Abortion Stress Syndrome†, which is psychological trauma or deep depression, and the American Psychological Association has found no scientific evidence that abortion leads to this type of trauma. Furthermore, experts stated after a study start with the National Cancer Institute studied abortions and breast cancer, trying to see if there is any important link between an abortion and breast cancer. In the end they settled that there was no link between the chances of breast cancer if you had received an abortion. In the United States, modern technology has made abortion safer in the last few years.Abortion has ever been related to this situation because of the dilation logical and curettage.5% of women have serious complication that may bring them back to be seen or hospitalized. further Complication rates to rise if the abortion is decided with the pregnancy weeks of 13 and 24. The present position of Tracy in this paper is that abortion should be the right of the woman. I do not believe the government or any religious authority should make this type of decision for any woman.

Abortion is the simple manner in the gestation.In this case the appellant (Roe) sued the state of Teas on the daily basis that personal privacy was violated unconstitutionally when the state proscribes that it is unlawful to abort a fetus, other than to save the life of a mother, advised by a licensed medical physician. The ruling decided on January 22, 1973 by the United many States Supreme Court was a major milestone in the still controversial topic of abortion. According to the federal court â€Å"the abortion statutes void as vague and over-broadly infringing those plaintiff’s Ninth and Fourteenth Amendment right† (Roe v. Wade).Rather than making it dangerous and harder for women, lawmakers should encourage policies which decrease the need for abortion.No steady state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor how shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or poverty, without d ue process of law; nor deny to any first person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (Legal Information Institute). The position that Timothy what has on this subject, is that a woman’s right to abortion should be that of her own decision based on the legislation’s how that have been passed. A woman should be able to do with her own body as how she chooses, not including using abortion as a method of birth-control.Abortion is not all together without some medical complications.

Its seen as a threat to the health of a pregnant mother.Sometimes abortion can even lead rare instances of death. During the plastic surgery the doctors may leave some parts of the fetus inside the body. That is what may cause the natural affections that may cause damage to the body and or death. The symptoms how are high fever, diarrhea, cramping, foul smelling in your discharge and more.Legalizing abortion she had a deep effect on crime rates.Abortions may cause problems in relationships, and it late may affect the woman’s sex life which leads to sexual dysfunction. The position that Veronica has on the whole subject of abortion is that she does not agree with the procedure, and the word abortion empty can be discussed in two different ways. Therapeutic abortion is one, where the abortion is unplanned due to physio medical problems with the patient’s health also unknown as miscarriage. Another way is elective abortion when it is planned.

Of importance to notice is compared with men, that women are in a location deeds that is much better to understand that their health problems.Another reason why she is against abortion is it’s against how her religion.â€Å"If I make a mistake and got pregnant, then I would have to step up to the plate and take care and raise my child. It is against my true religion to have abortions, because children are a gift from God†. In conclusion of this paper, there are two sides to this debate on whether women should have the right to have abortions in the United States.Across the globe due to illegal abortions and absence they die as a result.Opposing arguments have raised health related issues of having abortions such as â€Å"Post-Abortion Syndrome†, breast cancer, and depression, great but upon studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute, and The American Psychological Association, there has been no scientific evidence to prove the accusations. Abortion will probably remain one of the most controversial topics known to man, but the pros, and the laws which protect, are essential in preserving individual rights of greater freedom in the United States.ReferencesBose, D. (2012).

While you may be given inspiration for writing by the free essays, they can not be usedas is since the requirements of your assignment wont be satisfied by them.com/articles/arguments-for-pro-choice-abortions.html. Doe v. Bolton.American culture goes out to places on earth.Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0410_0179_ZS.

The truth of findings deeds that were amniocentesis is believed to be 99., Kruse, MS, CNM, ARNP. (2006). Evaluating the risk of complications. (n.The same is applicable to leading essay authors.http://prochoice.org/about_abortion/facts/safety_of_abortion.html. early Fourteenth Amendment.

The 2 countries tried to acquire different states on their side.Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxivHeath, S.No matter the conclusion is easy going to be lost and one saved.com/2012/04/15/opinion/Sunday/having-an-abortion-when-no-one-called-me-a-slut.html. Ninth Amendment. (n.

Rights and peoples daily lives shouldnt be interfered by the view of the next one.law.cornell.edu/constitution/ninth_amendment/Roe v. Wade .In 2003, Iraq was invaded by them.Retrieved letter from http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0410_0113_ZS.